巴丹吉林沙漠周边沉积物粒度空间分异与粉尘释放源区识别

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.11

Abstract

Abstract:

To elucidate the sediment grain size characteristics and identify potential dust emission sources in the regions of the Badain Jaran Desert, 110 surface (0-2 cm) and subsurface (10-20 cm) sediment samples from seven typical areas (Wentugaole Gobi, Alatengaobao Gobi, Yabulai Gobi, Alatengchaoke Gobi, Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi, Gurinai Dry Lake, and Juyanhai Dry Lake) surrounding the desert were collected in August 2023. Sieving and laser particle size analyses were combined to analyze the grain composition. A sediment erosion-deposition model was used to quantify the potential erosion-deposition and emission rates of PM₁₀. The findings are summarized as follows. (1) Surface sediments exhibited triple peaking distributions dominated by fine sand (2-3 Φ), fine gravel (-3--1 Φ), and very fine silt (8-9 Φ) due to the superimposition of hydraulic processes and eolian erosion. The subsurface layers had quadruple peaking distributions with an additional coarse silt particle peak. The fraction of sand (58.23%-84.60%) in the surface layers significantly exceeded that in the subsurface layers (30.87%-81.20%) as the sand content increased, while the proportions of gravel, silt, and clay declined from the Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi to the Yabrai Gobi. (2) The surface fine-particle loss in the Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi and Gurinai Dry lakes was the most pronounced, with the highest values in the potential erosion-deposition rates (7.82%) and emission rates of PM₁₀ (4.01%). In contrast, Yabulai Gobi exhibited the lowest values (0.15% and 0.02% for those traits, respectively. (3) The dry lake areas were dominated by fine-grained deposits from the lake, whereas the Gobi regions were influenced by alluvial-proluvial processes that lacked sorting. The Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi, a high-wind-energy zone, exhibited surface coarsening due to the high intensity of spatially heterogeneous eolian erosion. In summary, the Dingxin-Dongfeng Gobi and Gurinai Dry lakes were considered the primary potential dust emission sources around the Badain Jaran Desert. Moreover, land conservation in these areas is critical for regional sand control and dust transport between regions.

Key words: grain size characteristics, dust emission potential, potential erosion-deposition rate, sedimentary environment, Badain Jaran Desert

LIU Jun, ZUO Hejun, WANG Haibing, ZHANG Xue, LIAO Chengxian. Spatial variations in sediment size serve as a basis for the identification of dust emission source areas around the Badain Jaran Desert[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(9): 1671-1680.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Surface characteristics and geomorphological features of sampling sites"

采样区	经纬度	样点数量/个	分布及主要地面特征
温图高勒戈壁	41°20′37.16″~41°59′36.49″N， 101°48′45.98″~102°21′29.69″E	11	植被稀少，该区域位于巴丹吉林沙漠北部、阿尔泰山南部，额济纳旗温图高勒苏木境内，样点分布于山前冲洪积扇扇中至扇缘
阿拉腾敖包戈壁	40°16′8.84″~41°14′9.48″N， 103°31′47.18″~103°52′19.31″E	17	主要植被为白刺（Nitraria tangutorum），该区域位于巴丹吉林沙漠东部，阿拉善右旗阿拉腾敖包镇境内，样点分布于山前冲洪积扇扇缘、风蚀残山区
雅布赖戈壁	39°16′0.23″~39°46′12.09″N， 101°47′49.51″~103°6′19.85″E	12	主要植被为白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）、梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron），该区域位于阿拉善右旗雅布赖镇境内，样点分布于山前洪积扇
阿拉腾朝克戈壁	39°26′16.65″~39°46′19.76″N， 100°19′38.76″~101°44′8.47″E	24	主要植被为白刺（Nitraria tangutorum），该区域位于巴丹吉林沙漠西南，阿拉善右旗阿拉腾朝克苏木境内，样点分布于灌丛沙堆、河道、冲洪积扇扇缘
鼎新-东风戈壁	39°59′11.29″~41°0′59.72″N， 99°46′46.49″~100°42′57.74″E	18	主要植被为白刺（Nitraria tangutorum），该区域位于黑河东岸、巴丹吉林沙漠西部、阿拉善右旗阿拉腾朝克苏木瑙滚布拉格嘎查-金塔县鼎新镇-额济纳旗东风镇宝日乌拉嘎查境内，样点分布于戈壁区冲洪积扇扇缘
古日乃干湖区	40°40′29.91″~40°55′36.70″N， 100°54′56.49″~101°18′36.86″E	10	主要植被为梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）、白刺（Nitraria tangutorum），位于巴丹吉林沙漠西部，额济纳旗东风镇古日乃嘎查，样点分布于戈壁区冲洪积扇扇缘与古日乃湖过渡带、干盐湖等区域
居延海干湖区	41°33′5.41″~42°1′0.21″N， 100°59′55.96″~101°36′7.17″E	18	主要植被为芦苇（Phragmites australis）、胡杨（Populus euphratica）、红柳（Salix microstachya），位于巴丹吉林沙漠西北部，额济纳旗赛罕陶来苏木东缘戈壁与古居延海的过渡带，样点分布于戈壁区冲洪积扇扇缘与干湖过渡带、干盐湖等区域

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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采样区	表层沉积物/%				下伏层沉积物/%
采样区	砾石	沙	粉粒	黏粒	砾石	沙	粉粒	黏粒
温图高勒戈壁	26.03	62.41	10.52	1.05	14.25	41.27	40.29	4.18
阿拉腾敖包戈壁	13.20	75.10	10.96	0.74	19.89	42.20	34.92	3.00
雅布赖戈壁	10.05	84.60	5.12	0.22	10.13	81.20	7.82	0.85
阿拉腾朝克戈壁	10.27	78.02	11.00	0.71	12.55	65.21	20.12	2.12
鼎新-东风戈壁	25.95	58.23	14.21	1.61	5.01	30.87	52.31	11.80
古日乃干湖区	3.37	80.32	14.41	1.91	0.46	66.38	30.32	2.85
居延海干湖区	3.51	78.80	16.27	1.42	5.75	57.94	33.27	3.03
全区域	13.11	73.82	12.00	1.07	11.02	52.84	31.93	4.21

Spatial variations in sediment size serve as a basis for the identification of dust emission source areas around the Badain Jaran Desert

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