林分密度和种植点配置对梭梭人工林防风效应的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.01.15

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to study the shelter efficiency of Haloxylon ammodendron windbreak with different density and plant point distribution to provide scientific basis for optimizing the structure of windbreak in arid areas. With the field Haloxylon ammodendron as the prototype, windbreaks with three stand densities and four plant point distributions were designed, and their flow field and shelter efficiency were measured and analyzed by wind tunnel experiments. The corresponding label and “plant spacing × row spacing” of the windbreaks were as follows: A: 17 cm × 17 cm, B₁: 34 cm × 17 cm, B₂: 17 cm × 34 cm, and C: 34 cm × 34 cm. Results showed that (1) the area of wind speed deceleration region (U/U₀ < 1) accounted for 78.06%, 70.41%, 74.36%, and 82.80% of the whole flow field of A, B₁, B₂, and C windbreaks, respectively; the area of weak wind speed region (U/U₀ < 0.4) accounted for 22.46%, 0.73%, 5.91%, and 0%. (2) The higher the stand density, the lower the average wind speed under the canopy, but the faster the wind speed recovered at the leeside of windbreaks. The minimum wind speed was located at 11H, 15H, 15H, and 20H behind the A, B₁, B₂, and C windbreaks, respectively (H was the tree height). (3) The order of shelter efficiencies of the four windbreaks from large to small was A > B₂ > B₁ > C. The relationship between shelter efficiency and stand density was nonlinear. The ratio of wind reduction at the near surface was A:B:C≈6:3:2 behind the windbreaks. The density of afforestation should be determined based on the soil water carrying capacity in the practice of forestation. On this basis, the plant point distribution mode of “small plant spacing, large row spacing” should be preferred.

Key words: windbreak and sand fixation forest, Haloxylon ammodendron, density, plant point distribution, flow field, shelter efficiency, wind tunnel test

NIU Danni, HAN Rong, MA Rui, WANG Zhenting, LIU Hujun, WEI Linyuan. Effects of density and plant point distribution on shelter efficiency of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 143-151.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 26

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	株高/cm	平均冠幅/cm	冠厚/cm	冠层孔隙度/%	照片
梭梭（成年株）	300±45	228×215	215±50	28.5±4.5
植物模型	20	15×15	14	≈28.5

U/U₀	A	B₁	B₂	C
>1	21.94%	29.59%	25.64%	17.20%
0.7~1.0	29.71%	33.72%	33.50%	51.80%
0.4~0.7	25.89%	35.96%	34.95%	31.00%
<0.4	22.46%	0.73%	5.91%	0 %

林带	平均风速/（m·s^-1）
林带	冠上	冠部	冠下
A	10.48	4.54	5.28
B₁	11.21	7.76	6.74
B₂	10.88	6.63	6.73
C	10.98	8.04	7.12

林带	平均风速降幅/%
林带	带前	带后
A	-4.06	63.15
B₁	-5.04	35.86
B₂	-5.81	38.66
C	0.43	24.37

Effects of density and plant point distribution on shelter efficiency of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest

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