拉萨河谷杨树人工林枯落物蓄积特征及持水性能

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究拉萨河谷典型杨树人工林枯落物蓄积及其持水性能对深入探究青藏高原人工林水源涵养能力具有重要意义。本文以拉萨河谷区5种不同林龄（12 a、15 a、19 a、27 a和32 a）杨树人工林为研究对象,通过野外观测、室内浸水法对不同林龄枯落物蓄积量以及最大持水量（率）、有效拦蓄量（率）等持水性能指标进行了定量研究。结果表明：（1）不同林龄枯落物蓄积量、最大持水量和有效拦蓄量均呈27 a>15 a>32 a>19 a>12 a,分别介于8.32~26.12 t·hm^-2、24.03~60.89 t·hm^-2和19.85~49.15 t·hm^-2,27 a林龄成熟林枯落物一致表现为最佳。枯落物蓄积量、林分特征是影响最大持水量、有效拦蓄量的主要因素。（2）枯落物最大持水率和有效拦蓄率表现为12 a>19 a>15 a>27 a>32 a,范围在228.37%~288.67%和188.18%~238.48%,林龄对最大持水率和有效拦蓄率影响不显著,主要受林木类型影响。研究结果可为该区防沙治沙生态工程建设及其生态效益评价提供科学依据。

关键词: 林龄, 杨树人工林, 枯落物, 持水性能, 拉萨河谷

Abstract:

Litter is an important functional layer with hydrological benefits for forests. It can effectively perform ecosystem functions, such as increasing surface roughness, capturing precipitation, and improving soil structure, thus promoting water retention function in the soil. Total litter amount and water-holding capabilities of Populus plantations in Lhasa River Valley are important for exploring water conservation capacity of Tibetan plateau plantations. Five different stand ages (12 a, 15 a, 19 a, 27 a, and 32 a) of Populus plantations were investigated in the Lhasa River Valley area. Total litter storage capacity was determined using harvesting methods. Water-holding performance indicators, such as maximum water-holding capacity, maximum water-holding rate, modified interception amount, and modified interception rate, were measured using the immersion method. We found the following results: (1) Total litter storage capacity, maximum water-holding capacity, and modified interception amount of the five stand ages all showed 27 a>15 a>32 a>19 a>12 a, which ranged from 8.32 to 26.12 t·hm^-2, 24.03 to 60.89 t·hm^-2 and 19.85 to 49.15 t·hm^-2, respectively. The litter of 27 a had the best water-holding capacity. We found total litter storage capacity and stand characteristics were the main factors affecting maximum water-holding capacity and effective interception. (2) Maximum water-holding rate and modified interception rate of litters exhibited 12 a>19 a>15 a>27 a>32 a, ranging from 228.37% to 288.67% and 188.18% to 238.48%, respectively. The maximum water-holding rate and modified interception rate were not significantly influenced by stand age, but mainly influenced by tree type. Our results provide a scientific basis for ecological engineering and its ecological benefits for evaluation in the Lhasa River Valley area.

Key words: stand age, Populus plantations, litters, water-holding capacity, Lhasa River Valley

刘琳,熊东红,张宝军,袁勇,张闻多. 拉萨河谷杨树人工林枯落物蓄积特征及持水性能[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1674-1682.

LIU Lin,XIONG Donghong,ZHANG Baojun,YUAN Yong,ZHANG Wenduo. Litter storage and its water-holding capacity of Populus plantations in Lhasa River Valley[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1674-1682.

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林龄/a	龄组	主要树种	经纬度	海拔/m	平均树高/m	平均胸径/cm	平均冠幅/m	林分密度/(株·hm^-2）
12	中龄林	银白杨	29°25'N,90°46'E	3842	8.2±0.6	12.3±3.2	2.2±0.3	2550
15	中龄林	北京杨	29°28'N,90°57'E	3588	12.4±2.5	8.60±1.5	1.5±0.4	6500
19	近熟林	北京杨	29°40'N,91°15'E	3611	9.2±1.8	8.85±1.7	2.0±0.4	3000
27	成熟林	北京杨	29°41'N,91°25'E	3705	20.1±2.3	20.9±6.7	3.4±0.8	2700
32	过熟林	北京杨	29°53'N,91°48'E	3720	21.5±1.7	25.1±5.6	3.1±1.1	1300

样地	林龄/a	厚度/cm	蓄积量/(t·hm^-2)	自然含水率/%
1	12	5.72±0.46a	8.32±1.35c	6.88±0.53b
2	15	3.72±0.25b	13.89±2.05b	7.21±0.78b
3	19	3.56±0.10b	10.50±1.65bc	6.59±0.82b
4	27	6.06±0.25a	26.12±0.45a	9.97±0.40a
5	32	5.89±0.51a	12.74±2.69b	5.86±0.75b

林龄/a	持水量		持水速率
林龄/a	关系式	R²	关系式	R²
12	y=2.29ln(t)+18.25	0.97^**	υ=18.48t^-0.83	0.99^**
15	y=2.92ln(t)+25.51	0.99^**	υ=22.09t^-0.81	0.99^**
19	y=2.45ln(t)+21.14	0.97^**	υ=26.73t^-0.82	0.99^**
27	y=4.99ln(t)+47.01	0.99^**	υ=48.92t^-0.84	0.99^**
32	y=2.86ln(t)+21.50	0.98^**	υ=22.41t^-0.80	0.99^**

林龄/a	失水量		失水速率
林龄/a	关系式	R²	关系式	R²
12	y=9.62ln(t+10.51)-22.65	0.99^**	υ=22.98t^-1.04	0.99^**
15	y=10.82ln(t+6.82)-19.13	0.99^**	υ=29.95t^-1.06	1.00^**
19	y=8.59ln(t+13.45)-21.76	0.99^**	υ=25.33t^-1.04	1.00^**
27	y=15.94ln(t+9.77)-33.51	0.99^**	υ=54.89t^-1.03	0.99^**
32	y=9.79ln(t+8.08)-19.47	0.99^**	υ=26.50t^-1.05	1.00^**