干旱区气候因子对枯落物分解和土壤动物的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以土壤动物为主的碎屑食物网是枯落物分解及养分释放的重要途径,也是维持干旱-半干旱区脆弱生态系统生物地球化学循环和稳定性的关键环节。目前,土壤动物对枯落物分解的影响机制研究已成为当前研究的热点,但土壤动物与枯落物分解如何响应气候变化缺乏系统总结。从气候变化对枯落物分解的影响、气候变化对土壤动物营养结构的影响和气候变化对枯落物分解和土壤动物关系的影响3个方面,阐明气候变化通过改变水热因子和枯落物质量来影响枯落物分解功能和土壤动物的影响规律。现阶段对枯落物中土壤动物的研究仍停留在群落水平,而关于枯落物中土壤动物的营养结构和功能性状分布特征,尚未可知。因此,未来研究中,应注重大尺度、长时间的野外观测与控制试验相结合的方法,而且在机理方面需注重土壤动物功能性状对枯落物分解作用的研究。

关键词: 干旱-半干旱区, 气候变化, 枯落物分解, 土壤动物

Abstract:

Detritus food webs dominated by soil fauna were the main method of litter decomposition and nutrient release, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the biogeochemical cycle and stability of fragile ecosystems. It was an interesting topic regarding the research on the effect of climate change on litter decomposition in arid and semi-arid regions. Climate change may have an important impact on litter decomposition, soil fauna, and related factors. However, there is no systematic summary of the underling mechanism. This review based on relevant literature at home and abroad, summarizes the impact of climate change (temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation) on litter decomposition, the impact of climate change (temperature and precipitation) on soil fauna, and impact of climate change on the relationship between litter decomposition and soil fauna. It was suggested that climate change affects the correlation between litter decomposition and soil fauna regarding changes in environmental factors and litter quality. We proposed that the following prospects should be paid more attention in the future: (1) large-scale and long-term research, as well as strict control experimental setup; (2) functional traits of soil fauna; (3) ecological functioning of soil fauna on litter decomposition. It is suggested that the litter and soil fauna ecological research should give more attention to the interaction of environmental factors under climate change, the variations of litter decomposition at different spatial scales, and model establishment.

Key words: arid and semi-arid regions, climate change, litter decomposition, soil fauna

张安宁,刘任涛,陈蔚,常海涛,吉雪茹. 干旱区气候因子对枯落物分解和土壤动物的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 867-874.

ZHANG Anning,LIU Rentao,CHEN Wei,CHANG Haitao,JI Xueru. Effects of climatic factors on litter decomposition and soil fauna in arid regions[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 867-874.

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研究样地	年均温/℃	年降雨量/mm	气候带	研究方法	研究结果
科尔沁沙地	6.0	343	半干旱区	增温：灯光加热	枯落物CO₂释放速率与温度呈显著正相关且在40 ℃时,枯落物CO₂释放速率达到最高^[16]
毛乌素沙地	8.3	292	半干旱区	增温：开顶箱模拟增温	增温可能缓解干旱-半干旱区植物枯落物分解,并且温度对枯落物分解的抑制作用与分解时间和枯落物类型有关^[18]
锡林郭勒草原	4.0	295	半干旱区	增温：海拔梯度代替气候变化	温度升高2.7 ℃,羊草和大针茅枯落物分解率提高35.83%和6.68%^[19]
科罗拉多高原	14.4	241	半干旱区	增温：红外线灯光加热	温度升高2 ℃没有显著改变凋落物质量损失率,但环境变化影响了枯落物分解过程^[17]
科尔沁沙地	6.0	343	半干旱区	降雨：自然降雨,减雨30%,减雨50%	降雨减少枯落物分解率和氮磷的归还^[28]
古尔班通古特沙漠	4.0	150	干旱区	降雨：自然降雨,冬春增雪,夏季增雨	季节性短暂降雨增加对荒漠区枯落物分解无显著影响^[21]
纳米布沙漠	10.0	75	干旱区	降雨：降雨季节变化	在干旱期,枯落物质量损失率为0%~16.7%;在湿润期,枯落物质量损失率为64.7%~97.2%。降雨是纳米布沙漠枯落物分解的最主要因素^[34]
内蒙古荒漠草原	3.4	280	半干旱区	降雨：自然降雨,减雨30%,增雨30%	增减雨将显著改变植被根系的分解速率,首先影响根系的基质质量,进而影响根系质量残留率^[24]