乌拉特荒漠草原群落物种多样性和生物量关系对放牧强度的响应

干旱区研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 168-177.

乌拉特荒漠草原群落物种多样性和生物量关系对放牧强度的响应

赵生龙^1,2, 左小安¹, 张铜会¹, 吕朋^1,2, 岳平¹, 张晶^1,2

1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院乌拉特荒漠草原研究站/奈曼沙漠化研究站，甘肃兰州 730000； 2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-04-28 修回日期:2019-07-04 出版日期:2020-01-15 发布日期:2020-01-15
通讯作者: 左小安
作者简介:赵生龙（1989-），男，汉族，博士研究生，主要从事荒漠草原生态学研究工作.E-mail：13619398146@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41622103，41571106）；中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（1100000036）资助

Response of relationship between community species diversity and aboveground biomass to grazing intensity in the Urat desert steppe in north China

ZHAO Sheng-long^1,
2, ZUO Xiao-an¹, ZHANG Tong-hui¹, LYU Peng^{1, 2}, YUE Ping¹, ZHANG Jing^{1, 2}

1. Urat Station for Desert Steppe Research/Naiman Station for Desertification Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

Received:2019-04-28 Revised:2019-07-04 Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原灌丛和草本植物群落为对象，研究这2种植物群落的物种组成、物种多样性及其与地上生物量关系对不同放牧处理（对照、中牧、重牧）的响应。结果表明：① 随着放牧强度的增加，灌丛群落中红砂（Reaumuria songarica）和碱韭（Allium polyrhizum）的优势度增大，沙生针茅（Stipa glareosa）的优势度减小；重牧降低草本群落中沙生针茅的优势度，增加了蒙古韭（Allium mongolicum）和碱韭的优势度。② 不同放牧处理显著降低了灌丛和草本群落的盖度、高度以及灌丛群落的密度，消除了灌丛和草本群落之间盖度的差异（P>0.05）。中牧降低灌丛群落的Pielou 均匀度指数，重牧降低灌丛群落的物种丰富度，灌丛和草本群落的其他多样性指数在放牧处理之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。除物种丰富度外，其他多样性指数在灌丛和草本群落之间差异显著（P<0.05）。③ 不同放牧处理降低了灌丛和草本群落的地上生物量和凋落物量，导致灌丛和草本群落之间地上生物量的显著差异（P<0.05）。④ 地上生物量与Simpson优势度指数负相关，与Shannon-Wienner多样性指数和Pielou 均匀度指数正相关；放牧处理下地上生物量与密度、物种丰富度正相关。放牧处理改变了荒漠草原植物群落组成、结构和功能，进而改变了群落结构和功能的重要关系。

关键词: 荒漠草原')">

荒漠草原, 放牧强度, 群落结构, 物种多样性, 地上生物量, 内蒙古

Abstract:

In this paper, the shrub and herb plant communities in the Urat desert steppe in Inner Mongolia were researched. The responses of different grazing treatments (control, moderate grazing and heavy grazing) to the composition of community species, species diversity and relationship between species diversity and aboveground biomass of two plant communities in the desert steppe were studied. The results were as follows: ① With the increase of grazing intensity, the dominant degree of Reaumuria songarica and Allium polyrhizum in shrub grassland community was increased, but that of Stipa glareosa was decreased. Moreover, heavy grazing reduced the dominant degree of S. glareosa and increased that of A. mongolicum and A. polyrhizum in the herb grassland community; ② Different grazing treatments reduced significantly the coverage and height of both two grassland communities and the density of shrub grassland community (P<0.05), and removed the difference of coverage between the shrubs and herbs in the grassland community (P>0.05). Moderate grazing reduced the Pielou evenness index in shrub grassland community, and heavy grazing reduced the species richness in shrub grassland community. There were no significant differences in other diversity indices in both shrub and herb grassland communities under the grazing treatments (P>0.05). Except for species richness, the difference of other diversity indices between shrub and herb grassland communities were significant (P<0.05); ③ Different grazing treatments reduced significantly the aboveground biomass and litter biomass in shrub and herb grassland communities, and resulted in the significant difference of aboveground biomass between shrub and herb grassland communities (P<0.05); ④ There was a negative correlation between aboveground biomass and Simpson dominance index, and also a positive correlation between aboveground biomass and Shannon-Wienner diversity index and also between aboveground biomass and Pielou evenness index. Furthermore, aboveground biomass was positively correlated with density and species richness under grazing treatments. Additionally, grazing treatments changed the composition, structure and function of plant community in desert steppe, and then changed the important relationship between community structure and function.

Key words: desert steppe, grazing intensity, community structure, species diversity, aboveground biomass, Inner Mongolia

赵生龙, 左小安, 张铜会, 吕朋, 岳平, 张晶. 乌拉特荒漠草原群落物种多样性和生物量关系对放牧强度的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(1): 168-177.

ZHAO Sheng-long, ZUO Xiao-an, ZHANG Tong-hui, LYU Peng, YUE Ping, ZHANG Jing. Response of relationship between community species diversity and aboveground biomass to grazing intensity in the Urat desert steppe in north China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 168-177.

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