干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 751-756.

• 植物资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地滴灌种植肉苁蓉的试验研究

李丙文1，2, 邱永志3, 周宏伟3, 徐新文1，2, 王强3, 范敬龙1，2, 靳正忠1，2, 常青1，2, 许波3, 张忠良3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐　830011; 2. 国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心，
    新疆 乌鲁木齐　830011; 3. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田分公司, 新疆 库尔勒　841000
  • 收稿日期:2011-09-20 修回日期:2012-01-05 出版日期:2012-09-15 发布日期:2012-10-09
  • 作者简介:李丙文（1968-），男，高级工程师，博士，主要从事荒漠化防治和防护林营造的研究.E-mail: libw@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项（201130106-3）；国家科技部国际合作项目（2010DFB34020，2010ZR000Z）；塔里木油田公司科研项目(971011050010)共同资助

Experiment on Cultivation of Cistanche deserticola  under Drip Irrigated in the Hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

 LI  Bing-Wen1，2, QIU  Yong-Zhi3, ZHOU  Hong-Wei3, XU  Xin-Wen1，2, WANG  Qiang3, FAN  Jing-Long1，2, JIN  Zheng-Zhong1，2, CHANG  Qing1，2, XU  Bo3, ZHANG  Zhong-Liang3   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2. National Engineering Technology Research Center for DesertOasis Ecological Construction, Urumqi 830011, China;
    3. Tarim Branch, PetroChina Corporation, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2011-09-20 Revised:2012-01-05 Online:2012-09-15 Published:2012-10-09

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摘要： 在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的人工梭梭林，利用咸水滴灌技术，对种植肉苁蓉（Cistanche deserticola）的开挖方式、播种方式、接种深度以及稳产技术等进行了试验研究。结果表明：① 提高肉苁蓉种子和寄主根系接触的几率是提高人工接种肉苁蓉效果的有效途径。不同种植方式的肉苁蓉出土率为：沟种>打洞>穴种，撒种>种植带（种植纸）。② 采用开沟、撒种方式种植肉苁蓉，随播种量增加，出土肉苁蓉数量呈增加趋势，但存在一个上限值。在沙地滴灌种植肉苁蓉适宜的播种量为300粒/m。③ 接种深度应控制在寄主根系主要分布层以内，并结合作业方式及作业成本来综合确定，在沙地滴灌接种深度不宜超过60 cm。④ 人工接种肉苁蓉具有一次接种，多年采收的效果，但肉苁蓉出土率年际间差异较大。接种后第2 a至第4 a为主要收获期。采用沟种、撒种技术春季接种肉苁蓉，接种后连续3 a平均出土率可以保持在1株/m以上，肉苁蓉鲜重产量达1 800 kg/hm2，经济效益显著。

关键词: 肉苁蓉（Cistanche deserticola）, 人工接种, 滴灌, 沙漠腹地, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract: Cistanche deserticola is an endangered wild species adapting to growing in arid or semiarid area. This species is traditionally used in many countries as a tonic, and it has been currently planted as a new cultivated plant species in northwest China. In order to improve the cultivation technical level of C. deserticola,many cultivation experiments under drip irrigation with saline water were carried out in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, including the different ditch and seeding ways, different inoculation depths and technology of stably increasing yield. The results of this study are as follows:(1) It is an effective way of improving the inoculation rate to increase the contacting rate of C. deserticola seeds with the hostplant roots, and the harvested biomass of C. deserticola under different cultivation ways was in orders of ditching seeding >holing seeding >digging seeding, and broad seeding >line seeding with seeding paperboard;(2) The harvested biomass of C. deserticola was increased with the increase of seeding amount under ditching seeding and broad seeding, but there was a upper limit, and the suitable seeding amount is 300 seeds/m under drip irrigation in sand;(3) Considering the cultivation ways and their cost, the inoculation depth should be kept in the main areas of the hostplant roots, and the depth should be shallower than 60 cm under drip irrigation in sand;(4) Once C. deserticola was inoculated, it could be harvested repeatedly. However, the harvested biomass of C. deserticola differed remarkably from different years, and the first three years were the main harvest time. The harvested biomass of C. deserticola could keep over 1 plant/m, and the economic income of cultivated C. deserticola was very remarkable since its fresh yield was as high as 1 800 kg/hm2 in average.

Key words: Cistanche deserticola, inoculation, drip irrigation, Taklimakan Desert