2009年陕西春季层状云增雨卫星观测分析

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 699-704.

2009年陕西春季层状云增雨卫星观测分析

刘贵华¹, 余兴¹, 贾玲², 岳治国², 戴进¹

1. 陕西省气象科学研究所, 陕西西安 710014;
2. 陕西省人工影响天气中心, 陕西西安 710014

收稿日期:2010-06-10 修回日期:2010-09-13 出版日期:2011-08-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
作者简介:刘贵华(1968- ),男,四川绵竹人,高工,硕士,主要从事云降水及人工影响天气研究. E-mail:liu_guihua@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(40975087);科技部公益项目(2005DIB3J099);陕西省科技攻关项目(2009K11-05)共同资助

Satellite Observation on Rainfall Enhancement in Stratiform Clouds over Shaanxi Province in Spring 2009

LIU Gui-hua¹, YU Xing¹, JIA Ling², YUE Zhi-guo², DAI Jin¹

1. Shaanxi Province Institute of Meteorological Research, Xi'an 710014, China;
2. Shaanxi Province Weather Modification Center, Xi'an 710014, China

Received:2010-06-10 Revised:2010-09-13 Online:2011-08-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对2009年2月7～8日陕西层状云降水过程的分析,用MODIS极轨卫星资料反演云系微物理特征。结果表明:① 2月7日白天云顶温度-10 ℃,云滴有效半径(Re)为10 μm左右,云体较厚,含有丰富过冷水,冰晶或大滴不足;② 夜间在有高云参与的情况下,产生了较好的降水;③ 持续稳定的中低层状云系存在较好的增雨作业机会。用FY2C静止卫星跟踪云系的演变发现:云系维持时间达30 h,7日白天到夜间云层增厚,Re稳定,降水少,这类云的自然降水过程较弱,具有较好的增雨作业潜力。综合分析得到适宜过冷层状云人工增雨作业条件的初步卫星判据为:云厚达2 km以上,云顶温度-10～-20 ℃,云顶Re小于15 μm。为卫星在人工增雨的条件选择上提供了新的应用途径。

关键词: 卫星反演, 层状云, 人工增雨条件, 过冷云, 卫星判据, 陕西

Abstract: Because of the advantages of cloud detection with satellite, the cloud structure and precipitation formation process can be analyzed from different configurations of cloud thickness, particle size and cloud top properties by the retrieval and multi-spectral analysis of satellite data, and consequently the potential of rainfall enhancement can be investigated based on the assumptions of rainfall enhancement and the available research achievements. A new applicable tool will be provided for satellite detection of the conditions of precipitation enhancement. A precipitation process of stratiform clouds from 7 to 8 February, 2009 was selected to analyze rainfall enhancement with MODIS polar orbiting satellite data. The retrieval microphysical characteristics of the clouds are as follows: (1) The cloud top temperature was about -10 ℃, the effective radius (Re) of cloud top was around 10 μm, the cloud body was thick, and the clouds were rich in supercooled water but lack of ice crystals or large drops at daytime of 7 February; (2) Rainfall occurred under the participation of high clouds; (3) There was a good opportunity for rainfall enhancement because of the existence of sustained and stable low-level stratiform clouds. Cloud tracking with FY2C geostationary satellite revealed that the cloud system lasted for 30 hours, in which clouds grew thick gradually with stable Re and less rainfall from the daytime to the night of 7 February. Although precipitation process of such clouds was weak, there was a good potential for precipitation enhancement operation. After the comprehensive analysis, the suitable criteria for detecting rainfall enhancement of supercooled stratiform clouds with satellite can be summarized as: the thickness of clouds is about 2 km, and cloud top temperature ranges from -10 ℃ to -20 ℃ with Re less than 15 μm.

Key words: satellite retrieval, stratiform cloud, conditions for precipitation enhancement, supercooled cloud, satellite criterion, Shaanxi Province

中图分类号:

P426.5

刘贵华, 余兴, 贾玲, 岳治国, 戴进. 2009年陕西春季层状云增雨卫星观测分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(4): 699-704.

LIU Gui-hua, YU Xing, JIA Ling, YUE Zhi-guo, DAI Jin. Satellite Observation on Rainfall Enhancement in Stratiform Clouds over Shaanxi Province in Spring 2009[J]. , 2011, 28(4): 699-704.

参考文献

[1] 汪学林,金德镇,李永振.蒙古气旋的降水效率及其人工影响潜力//汪学林,金德镇.云雨物理论文集.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1987:309-314. [Wang Xuelin,Jin Dezhen,Li Yongzhen.Precipitation efficiency and rainfall enhancement potential of mongolia cyclone// Wang Xuelin,Jin Dezhen.Papers of Microphysical Characters for Clouds and Rain.Beijing:China Technology & Science Press,1987:309-314.]

[2] 曾光平,刘峻,郑淑宾,等.华南前汛期锋面云系降水效率及其人工影响的可能性[J].热带气象,1990,6(4):365-371.

[3] 冯彬,郑世林,赵培娟.河南省春季冷锋云系的降水效率及增雨潜力//张存,周毓荃.人工影响天气优化技术研究.北京:气象出版社,2000:36-40.[Feng Bin,Zheng Shilin,Zhao Peijuan.Precipitation efficiency and rainfall enhancement potential of cold frontal cloud system in spring in Henan Province//Zhang Cun,Zhou Yuquan.Study on Optimized Technique of Weather Modification.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2000:36-40.]

[4] 张连云,王以琳,龚佃俐.山东沿海降雨云系宏观特征及人工增雨潜力的估算[J].气象,1996,23(10):35-38.

[5] 龚佃俐,边道相.山东省飞机增雨天气系统云水资源转化特征分析[J].气象,2001,28(8):15-19.

[6] 汪学林,金德镇.吉林春季降水性层状云人工影响潜力的探讨//汪学林,金德镇.云雨物理论文集.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1987:298-308.[Wang Xuelin,Jin Dezhen.Discussion on potential for precipitation enhancement in stratiform clouds in Spring in Jilin Province// Wang Xuelin,Jin Dezhen.Papers of Microphysical Characters for Clouds and Rain.Beijing:China Technology & Science Press,1987:298-308.]

[7] 李大山,石定朴,郑新江,等.静止气象卫星水汽图像的分析和应用[J].应用气象学报,1998,9(2):186-196.

[8] 王以琳,刘文,王广河.冷云人工催化增雨区的探空判据[J].气象学报,2002,60(1):116-121.

[9] 雷恒池,魏重,沈志来,等.微波辐射计探测降雨前水气和云液水[J].应用气象学报,2001,12(增刊):73-79.

[10] 德力格尔,黄彦彬,李伦格.青海省东北部地区春季空中水资源潜力分析[J].高原气象,2002,21(6):622-627.

[11] 张国庆,罗生洲,马晓虹,等.青海湖区域云、降水特征及降水效率的研究[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(6):851-857.

[12] 赵玲,安沙舟,杨莲梅,等.1976-2007年乌鲁木齐可降水量及其降水转化率[J].干旱区研究,2008,27(3):433-437.

[13] 蔡新玲,乔秋文,王繁强,等.近45年来陕西省可利用的降水资源特征及变化[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):282-287.

[14] 洪延超,周非非.层状云人工增雨潜力评估研究[J].大气科学,2006,30(5):913-926.

[15] Grant L O,Elliott R E.The cloud seeding temperature window[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1974,13(3):355-363.

[16] Hudak D R,List R.Precipitation development in natural and seeded cumulus clouds in southern Africa[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1988,27(6):734-756.

[17] Rokicki M L,Young K C.The initiation of precipitation in updrafts[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1978,17(6):745-754.

[18] Cooper W A,Marwitz J D.Winter storms over the Sanjuan moun-tains,part III.seeding potential[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1980,19:942-949.

[19] Hill G E.Seeding-opportunity recognition in winter orographic clo-uds[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1980,19:1 371-1 381.

[20] Vali G,Koening L R,Yoksas T C.Estimate of precipitation enhancement potential for Duero basin of Spain[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1988,27:829-850.

[21] Sassen K,Zhao H.Supercooled liquid water in Utah winter mountain storms:Cloud-seeding implications of a remote-sensing dataset[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1993,32(9):1 548-1 558.

[22] Long A B,Carter.Australian winter mountain storm clouds:Precipitation augmentation potential[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1996,35:1 457-1 464.

[23] Pavolonis M J,Heidinger A K,Uttal T.Daytime global cloud typing from AVHRR and VIIRS:Algorithm description,validation,and comparisons[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,2005,44:804-826.

[24] Nakajima T,King M D.Determination of the optical thickness and effective particle radius of clouds from reflected solar radiation measurements,PartⅠ.Theory[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1990,47:1 878-1 893.

[25] 刘健,董超华,张文健.利用FY-1C资料反演水云的光学厚度和粒子有效半径[J].红外与毫米波学报,2003,22(6):436-440.

[26] Rosenfeld D,Lensky I M.Spaceborne sensed insights into precipitation formation processes in continental and maritime clouds[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1998,79:2 457-2 476.

[27] Woodley W L,Rosenfeld D,Strautins A.Identification of a seeding signature in Texas using multi-spectral satellite imagery[J].Journal of Weather Modification,2000,32:37-52.

[28] 戴进,余兴,Rosenfeld D,等.一次过冷层状云催化云迹微物理特征的卫星遥感分析[J].气象学报,2006,64(5):622-630.

[29] 刘贵华,余兴,戴进.不同积云微物理特征的卫星反演分析[J].南京气象学院学报,2009,32(1):17-23.

[30] 王婉,姚展予.人工增雨统计检验结果准确度分析[J].气象科技,2009,37(2):209-215.