天山雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)林净化空气功能研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 660-664.

天山雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)林净化空气功能研究

周月明¹, 常顺利¹, 张毓涛², 师庆东¹

1. 新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046;
2. 新疆林业科学研究院森林生态研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2010-07-15 修回日期:2010-07-21 出版日期:2011-08-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
通讯作者: 常顺利.E-mail:ecocsl@163.com
作者简介:周月明(1986-),女,新疆哈密人,在读研究生,研究方向为气候与环境.E-mail:zhouyueming6929@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区林业科技专项资金项目"天山北坡经济带山地森林生态系统服务功能及其价值研究";国家林业局公益性行业科研专项(200804022c,200804006/rhh-06);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD03A1804,2006BAD03A0702/wb08);国家基础研究重点发展规划项目(2006CB705809-1) 共同资助

Study on Air Decontamination Function of Picea schrenkiana in the Tianshan Mountains

ZHOU Yue-ming¹, CHANG Shun-li¹, ZHANG Yu-tao², SHI Qing-dong¹

1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830046, China;
2. Institute of Forest Ecology, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830046, China

Received:2010-07-15 Revised:2010-07-21 Online:2011-08-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对天山北坡森林中降尘量、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)浓度的动态监测,以及对不同海拔梯度树叶中硫含量的测定,分析天山雪岭云杉对空气中主要污染物吸附、过滤作用,以此来评价天山北坡森林的空气净化功能。研究结果表明:① 在6～7月,郁闭度0.8的林地降尘量最多可达14.04 g/(m²·30 d),较对照空旷地滞尘量增加4.88 g/(m²·30 d),增加了34.8%,其净化降尘量价值为2.17元/(m²·30 d)。② 在雪岭云杉林空气中可多阻留总悬浮颗粒物0.052 mg/m³,林内较林外净化总悬浮颗粒物最多可增加70.3%。③ 同一时期,不同海拔梯度树叶中硫含量表现为相关性不显著性。在伤害阈值范围内,树叶硫含量会随大气中SO₂浓度的增加而增加,在海拔梯度 2 300 m左右树叶中的硫含量最大,为1.44 mg/g,单株雪岭云杉净化SO₂的价值为2.16元。

关键词: 山地森林, 降尘量, 总悬浮颗粒物(TSP), 空气净化, 雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana), 天山

Abstract: In this paper, the functions of adsorption and filtration of Picea schrenkiana forest to the main air pollutants are analyzed by monitoring and measuring the dynamic trends of dustfall amount and TSP in Picea schrenkiana forest and the sulphur content in Picea schrenkiana leaves at different altitudes, on which the air decontamination function of Picea schrenkiana forest is evaluated. The results are as follows: (1) The dustfall amount in the forest with canopy density of 0.8 was the highest in June and July, it was increased by 4.88 g/(m²·30 d) (34.8%) compared with that in an open contrast zone, and the air decontamination value of the forest was 2.17 yuan/(m²·30 d); (2) Rainfall and human activities affect significantly TSP concentration, the caught TSP in air over the forest can be increased by 0.052 mg/m³ compared with that in the open contrast zone, and it can be increased by 70.3% in maximum; (3) Correlation between the sulphur content in Picea schrenkiana leaves and altitude is not significant. In the threshold for injury, the sulphur content in leaves is increased with the increase of SO₂ concentration in air, it is the highest (1.44 mg/g) at altitude of 2 300 m a. s. l., and the average SO₂ decontamination value of each Picea schrenkiana tree is 2.16 yuan.

Key words: mountainous forest, dusfall amount, TSP, air purification, Picea schrenkiana, Tianshan Mountains

中图分类号:

Q948.11

周月明, 常顺利, 张毓涛, 师庆东. 天山雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)林净化空气功能研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(4): 660-664.

ZHOU Yue-ming, CHANG Shun-li, ZHANG Yu-tao, SHI Qing-dong. Study on Air Decontamination Function of Picea schrenkiana in the Tianshan Mountains[J]. , 2011, 28(4): 660-664.

参考文献

[1] 蔺昕,李晓军,胡涛,等.北方典型城市降尘时空分布特征及影响因素分析[J].生态环境,2008,17(1):143-146.

[2] 张桂英,王之安.森林的净化作用[J].黑龙江科技信息,2004(2):54.[Zhang Guiying,Wang Zhi'an.The decontamination function of forest[J].Science and Technology Information in Heilongjiang,2004(2):54.]

[3] 欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.

[4] 周晓峰.中国森林生态系统定位研究[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1994:213-222.

[5] 周晓峰,蒋敏元.黑龙江省森林效益的计量、评价及补偿[J].林业科学,1999,35(3):97-102.

[6] 侯元兆,张佩昌,王琦,等.中国森林资源核算研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.

[7] 赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):481-490.

[8] 邵天杰,赵景波.西安空气质量时空变化特征分析[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(5):723-728.[Shao Tianjie,Zhao Jingbo.Analysis on spatiotemporal change of air quality over Xi'an city[J].Arid Zone Research,2008,25(5):723-728.]

[9] 寇栓虎,杨荣,张理平.延安市近年来治理大气污染的效果分析[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(6):796-800.[Kou Shuanhu,Yang Rong,Zhang Liping.Analysis on air pollution control in Yan'an city since recent years[J].Arid Zone Research,2007,24(6):796-800.]

[10] 刘贵峰,蒋有绪,臧润国.天山云杉种群与群落特征及其地理变化规律的初步研究.北京:中国林业科学研究院,2008.[Liu Guifeng,Jiang Youxu,Zang Runguo.Preliminary Study on the Population & Community Characteristics of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschan and Its Geographic Variation.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2008.]

[11] 郝帅,刘萍,张毓涛,等.天山中段天山云杉林森林小气候特征研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2007,30(1):48-52.[Hao Shuai,Liu Ping,Zhang Yutao,et al.Research of microclimatic characters of Tianshan Mountain spruce forest in the middle lacetion of Tianshan Mountain[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2007,30(1):48-52.

[12] 奚旦立,孙裕生,刘秀英.环境监测[M].第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004:7.

[13] 王兵,余新晓,饶良懿,等.中华人民共和国林业行业标准(LY/T 1688-2007):干旱半干旱区森林生态系统定位观测指标体系[S].北京:国家林业局,2007.[Wang Bing,Yu Xinxiao,Rao Liangyi,et al.The People's Republic of China Forestry Standard(LY/T 1688-2007):Indicators System for Long-term Observation od Forest Ecosysterm in Arid and Semi-arid Zone[S].Beijing:National Forestry Bureau,2007.]

[14] 董明.陆地生物群落调查观测与分析[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1997:1.

[15] 田玉红,廖建新,罗青苗.柳州市常见绿化树种对大气中二氧化硫的净化能力的研究[J].广西农业大学学报,1998,17(增刊):40-43.

[16] 中国生物多样性国情研究报告编写组.中国生物多样性国情研究报告[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.

[17] 管东生,刘秋海,莫大伦,等.广州城市建成区绿地对大气二氧化硫的净化作用[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,1999,38(2):109-113.

[18] 梁云,刘新春,何清,等.新疆春夏季大气降尘分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):992-994.

[19] 刘贵峰,臧润国,郭仲军,等.不同经度天山云杉群落物种丰富度随海拔梯度变化[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1 407-1 413.[Liu Guifeng,Zang Runguo,Guo Zhongjun,et al.Species richness patterns of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica communities along an altitudinal gradient at different longitudes in Xinjiang of northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(7):1 407-1 413.]

[20] 邢文娟,雷加强,王海峰,等.荒漠-绿洲过渡带风况及输沙势分析:以策勒县为例[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(6):894-898.

[21] 罗红艳,李吉跃,刘增.绿化树种对大气SO₂的净化作用[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(1):45-50.