青海湖流域湿地小气候特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.01.21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用青海湖流域小泊湖湿地和瓦颜山湿地的气象观测资料,分析了湿地小气候特征。结果表明: 青海湖流域是太阳辐射较强的区域,反射辐射最大值出现在4 月,总辐射、大气长波辐射、地面长波辐射、净辐射和土壤热通量均表现为夏季高、冬季低。瓦颜山湿地年平均地表反照率为0.26,夏季平均地表反照率为0.2,低于隆宝湿地、西大滩和五道梁。瓦颜山和小泊湖站比湿最大值出现在夏季,最小值出现在冬季,降水主要集中在5—9月,占全年降水量的90%以上。2站气温和5 cm地温最高值出现在8月,最低值出现在1月,受湖陆热力性质差异的影响,小泊湖站全年白天盛行西风和偏西风,夜晚盛行东风;瓦颜山站则受地形影响,全年盛行西南风。

关键词: 高寒湿地, 辐射通量, 地表反照率, 温度, 比湿, 青海湖流域

Abstract: In this paper,the characteristics of microclimate in an alpine wetland were analyzed based on the meteorological data observed by Wanyanshan and Xiaobohu weather stations in the alpine wetland ecosystem in the Qinghai Lake Basin.The results showed that the solar radiation in the Qinghai Lake Basin was high.The maximum value of reflected radiation occurred in April,and the values of global radiation,atmospheric long wave radiation,surface long wave radiation,net radiation and soil heat flux were all high in summer but low in winter.The annual surface albedo in the Wayanshan wetland was 0.26,and the average surface albedo in summer was 0.2 and lower than that in the Longbao wetland and at Xidatan and Wudaoliang.The maximum values of specific humidity at Wayanshan and Xiaobohu weather stations occurred in summer,and the minimum ones in winter.Precipitation occurred mainly in the period from May to September,accounting for more than 90% of the annual precipitation.The maximum values of air temperature and 5 cm deep ground temperature at the two stations occurred in August,and the lowest ones in January.Influenced by the difference of thermal properties between the lake and land,the prevailing wind at Xiaobohu Weather Station was westerly wind in daytime and east wind at night all the year round.Affected by the topography,however,the prevailing wind at Wayanshan Weather Station was southwest wind all the year round.

Key words: alpine wetland, radiation flux, surface albedo, temperature, specific humidity, Qinghai Lake Basin

高黎明, 张乐乐, 陈克龙. 青海湖流域湿地小气候特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(1): 186-192.

GAO Li-ming, ZHANG Le-le, CHEN Ke-long. Microclimate in an Alpine Wetland in the Qinghai Lake Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(1): 186-192.

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