水盐胁迫对四翅滨藜生理生长特性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.10.14

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1767-1777.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.10.14 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2024.10.14

水盐胁迫对四翅滨藜生理生长特性的影响

张玲雪¹^,²^,³(), 李小锋⁴, 屈军⁵, 马美瑜⁵, 张建斌⁵, 李耀明¹^,²^,³()

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
4.新疆巴里坤县林业和草原工作站，新疆巴里坤 839200
5.新疆准东经济技术开发区水务局，新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2024-03-19 修回日期:2024-05-20 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-14
通讯作者: 李耀明. E-mail: lym@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:张玲雪（1997-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为植物生理生态学. E-mail: lingxiang199812@163.com
基金资助:
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0603)

Effects of water and salt stress on the physiological growth characteristics of Atriplex canescens

ZHANG Lingxue¹^,²^,³(), LI Xiaofeng⁴, QU Jun⁵, MA Meiyu⁵, ZHANG Jianbin⁵, LI Yaoming¹^,²^,³()

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. Barkol Forestry and Steppe Workstation, Barkol 839200, Xingjiang, China
5. Xinjiang Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone Water Affairs Bureau, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-03-19 Revised:2024-05-20 Published:2024-10-15 Online:2024-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以荒漠灌木四翅滨藜（Atriplex canescens）幼苗为实验对象，通过盆栽试验，分别在2个自然盐分水平下（低盐6.4 g·kg^-1、中盐13.3 g·kg^-1）设置4个控水添加梯度（W1、W2、W3和W4，分别为添加土壤质量含水量3%、6%、9%和12%），探讨四翅滨藜生理生长指标对水盐胁迫的响应特征。结果表明：（1）除脯氨酸外，盐分处理对生理生长指标无显著影响，但水分处理对其有显著影响。（2）各盐分处理下，W1处理较W4处理的抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶）、渗透调节物质（淀粉、可溶性糖、脯氨酸）含量增加，尤其脯氨酸和可溶性糖响应更敏感。四翅滨藜根冠比随干旱程度增加而增加，而其根、茎、叶生物量呈相反变化趋势。（3）主成分分析表明，四翅滨藜的渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶与形态指标共同响应以适应水盐胁迫，其中第一轴解释了生理生长指标变异的31.92%。综上所述，四翅滨藜具有较强的生理生长调节能力，能够通过提高渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶、增强吸收水分的能力以及调节生物量分配来抵御水盐胁迫的环境。

关键词: 水分胁迫, 盐分胁迫, 四翅滨藜, 适应性, 生理生长

Abstract:

In arid regions, soil salinity and moisture are the major factors that limit plant growth and development. Through the course of evolutionary processes, plants have evolved a myriad of physiological and ecological adaptation mechanisms to mitigate the detrimental effects of such stressors. Considering the prevalent aridity and medium soil salinity characteristic in Xinjiang, investigating plant adaptive strategies under drought and salinity stress conditions presents significant potential for advancing ecological restoration efforts within arid landscapes. Atriplex canescens, a perennial semi-evergreen shrub belonging to the Quinoa family, naturally thrives in the semi-arid regions of the Midwestern Plateau in the United States. It exhibits remarkable resilience to arid and saline environments. This study explored the physiological and growth responses of A. canescens seedlings to salt (low salt: 6.4 g·kg^-1, medium salt: 13.3 g·kg^-1) and water (W1: 3% soil moisture content; W2: 6% soil moisture content; W3: 9% soil moisture content; W4: 12% soil moisture content) stress using pot experiments. Results showed that (1) salt and water stress exerted a significant effect on the physiological and growth indicators of A. canescens. (2) Under different salt treatments, the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and osmotic adjustment substances (starch, soluble sugars, and proline) significantly increased in W1 treatment compared with those in W4 treatment; in particular, proline and soluble sugars were more sensitive. A. canescens exhibited increased root-to-shoot ratio, specific root length, specific root area, and volume with increasing drought severity, whereas root, stem, and leaf biomass showed the opposite trend. A. canescens exhibited robust regulatory capabilities to tolerate drought stress through improvements in osmoregulation, antioxidant mechanisms, water absorption efficiency, and regulation of resource allocation. (3) The relative leaf water content significantly decreased in W1 treatment compared with that in W2 treatment. Moreover, the levels of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased in W1 treatment compared with those in W4 treatment across all salt treatments, with the exception of chlorophyll b in the medium salt treatment, where the decrease was not statistically significant. With an increase in water stress, the photosynthetic and water-retaining capabilities of A. canescens gradually weakened. (4) Correlation and principal component analyses indicated that osmotic adjustment substances and morphological indicators of A. canescens responded together to adapt to water and salt stress, explaining 31.92% of the variation in physiological and growth indicators. Thus, A. canescens demonstrates medium salt tolerance and strong physiological and ecological regulatory characteristics. Altogether, A. canescens exhibits robust salt tolerance and profound physiological and ecological regulatory traits, rendering it a viable candidate for restoration initiatives of desert vegetation.

Key words: drought stress, salinity stress, Atriplex canescens, adaptability, physiological growth

张玲雪, 李小锋, 屈军, 马美瑜, 张建斌, 李耀明. 水盐胁迫对四翅滨藜生理生长特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(10): 1767-1777.

ZHANG Lingxue, LI Xiaofeng, QU Jun, MA Meiyu, ZHANG Jianbin, LI Yaoming. Effects of water and salt stress on the physiological growth characteristics of Atriplex canescens[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(10): 1767-1777.

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指标	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
叶绿素a	0.38	0.50	-0.38	0.74
叶绿素b	0.51	0.63	-0.03	0.68
可溶性糖	-0.65	-0.53	-0.36	0.38
脯氨酸	-0.55	-0.63	-0.02	0.46
淀粉	-0.57	0.25	-0.25	-0.24
超氧化物歧化酶	-0.21	-0.09	-0.74	-0.18
过氧化物酶	-0.19	-0.19	-0.24	-0.36
根生物量	0.86	-0.30	-0.06	-0.42
茎生物量	0.89	-0.26	0.41	-0.16
叶生物量	0.97	-0.05	0.37	-0.06
根冠比	-0.24	-0.25	-0.41	-0.26
比叶面积	-0.26	0.47	-0.65	-0.10
叶片含水量	0.36	0.52	-0.38	-0.62
比根长	-0.8	0.30	0.44	-0.13
比根体积	-0.78	0.46	0.28	-0.20
比根面积	-0.76	0.45	0.44	-0.15
贡献率/%	31.92	14.07	13.08	12.32
累计贡献率/%	31.92	45.99	59.07	71.39

水盐胁迫对四翅滨藜生理生长特性的影响

Effects of water and salt stress on the physiological growth characteristics of Atriplex canescens

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