乌鲁木齐市PM2.5中碳组分污染特征及来源解析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.08.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究乌鲁木齐市主要大气污染物PM_2.5中的碳组分的浓度、污染特征及来源，于2023年7月3日—12月31日在市区按照监测规范采集PM_2.5样品，并按照实验规程进行分析。结果表明：（1）乌鲁木齐市PM_2.5的平均浓度为20.1±8.1 μg·m^-3，有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）的平均浓度分别为：3.2±1.0 μg·m^-3和0.6±0.2 μg·m^-3，数值上呈现出采暖期大于非采暖期的趋势。（2）各时段OC和EC均呈现出较好的相关性，表明OC和EC具有相似的来源。（3）通过估算得到总碳气溶胶（TCA）浓度均值为7.52±3.66 μg·m^-3，占PM_2.5浓度比重约为16%；而二次有机碳SOC浓度为2.11±1.43 μg·m^-3，且SOC/OC比值为47.47%±12.69%，表明乌鲁木齐市大气中二次有机碳（SOC）占OC的比重接近50%。（4）通过主成分分析得出，PM_2.5中碳组分主要来源于燃煤排放和机动车尾气的排放。综合来看，采暖期大气环境污染依然严峻。

关键词: 大气污染, 有机碳, 元素碳, 源解析, 乌鲁木齐市

Abstract:

To investigate the concentration of PM_2.5, pollution characteristics, and sources of carbon components in the urban area of Urumqi from July 3, 2023, to December 31, 2023, air samples were collected and monitoring and analysis were performed in accordance with experimental procedures. The average concentration of PM_2.5 in Urumqi is 20.1±8.1 µg·m^-3, with average concentrations of OC and EC of 3.2±1.0 and 0.6±0.2 µg·m^-3, respectively, and a trend for higher concentrations during the heating season than the nonheating season. Good correlations between OC and EC were observed in various time periods, suggesting a similar source for OC and EC. The estimated average total carbon aerosol concentration is 7.52±3.66 µg·m^-3, accounting for approximately 16% of the PM_2.5 concentration, and the concentration of secondary organic carbon (SOC) is 2.11±1.43 µg·m^-3, with an SOC/OC ratio of 47.47%±12.69%, indicating that secondary organic carbon (SOC) accounts for nearly 50% of the OC in Urumqi’s atmosphere. Principal component analysis revealed that the main sources of carbon components in PM_2.5 are coal combustion emissions and vehicular exhaust. Overall, severe atmospheric pollution persists during the heating season.

Key words: atmospheric pollution, organic carbon, elemental carbon, source apportionment, Urumqi City

魏疆, 宋丹丹, 赵丽莉, 赵彩欣, 王凌羲. 乌鲁木齐市PM_2.5中碳组分污染特征及来源解析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(8): 1323-1330.

WEI Jiang, SONG Dandan, ZHAO Lili, ZHAO Caixin, WANG Lingxi. Analysis of carbon component pollution characteristics and sources of PM_2.5 in Urumqi City[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(8): 1323-1330.

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采样时段	样本	PM_2.5	OC	EC	TCA	OC/PM_2.5	EC/PM_2.5	TCA/PM_2.5
采样时段	n	/(μg·m^-3)				/%
非采暖期	35	20.1±8.1	3.2±1.0	0.6±0.2	5.72±1.8	15.9±12.3	3.0±2.5	28.4±22.2
采暖期	36	73.1±49.3	5.1±2.4	1.0±0.3	9.16±4.14	6.9±4.8	1.4±0.6	12.5±8.4
全时段	71	46.9±44.3	4.2±2.1	0.8±0.3	7.52±3.66	8.9±4.7	1.7±0.7	16.0±8.3

参数	非采暖期		采暖期
参数	因子1	因子2	因子1	因子2
OC1	0.332	0.792	0.769	0.265
OC2	0.854	0.245	0.888	0.132
OC3	0.955		0.531	-0.357
OC4	0.963	-0.146	0.941
EC1	0.892	-0.332	0.964	-0.138
EC2		0.876		0.915
EC3
OPC	0.765		0.674
特征值	3.48	1.59	3.47	1.07
解释方差/%	57.98	26.6	57.97	17.88
累计解释方差/%	84.58		75.86

城市	采样时间	OC	EC	OC/EC	SOC	SOC/OC
乌鲁木齐	2023年秋季	3.2±1.0	0.6±0.2	5.2±1.75	1.54±0.66	47.52±13.97
乌鲁木齐	2023年冬季	5.1±2.4	1.0±0.3	5.09±1.15	2.64±1.74	47.42±11.55
乌鲁木齐	2011年秋季	11.53±3.10	2.8±0.92	4.11±3.37	3.01±2.56	24.88±18.38
乌鲁木齐	2011年冬季	29.30±15.19	3.56±1.11	8.23±13.68	11.98±11.15	33.32±12.87
兰州	2020年	10.22±3.59	1.19±0.64	8.58±5.60	3.63±1.95	0.355
西安	2012年冬季	47.8	8.5	5.8	21.6	0.4519
北京	2017年冬季	23.98	5.02	4.39		48.09
石家庄	2017年冬季	35.75	9.22	3.85		44.98
天津	2018年冬季	18.69±7.95	4.98±2.08	4.03	6.89±5.19	0.362
上海	2018年冬季	7.28±3.11	1.05±1.25	14.13	4.19±2.00	0.593
青岛	2018年冬季	16.45±8.94	2.01±1.04	8.2	6.99±5.27	0.397
禹城地区	2017年秋季	6.03±3.06	4.67±2.45	1.41±0.6		58.00±6.0
禹城地区	2017年冬季	14.94±6.04	6.57±2.86	2.33±0.35	8.63±3.63
广州市	2015年冬季	10.94±4.91	3.59±1.64		4.3	47.3
广州市	2015年秋季	9.69±4.92	4.79±3.42	2.8±1.0	6.9	62.4