基于适应性循环的兰西城市群生态网络构建与优化

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.05.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态网络的构建与优化是遏制景观破碎化和保障区域生态安全的有效途径。以兰西城市群为研究区，以适应性循环理论为基础，耦合粒度反推法与形态学空间格局分析（Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis，MSPA）识别生态源地，组建“潜力-连通度-韧性”综合生态阻力面，运用电路理论判别生态廊道和关键生态节点，构建生态网络并提出优化对策。结果表明：研究区生态源地空间分布不均且破碎化，总面积4147.84 km²；阻力整体表现为西高东低，并呈以主城为中心向四周递减的趋势；提取生态廊道40条，主要分布在研究区中部，总长度2278.59 km；提取生态夹点24处，多分布在主要河流廊道和生态源地间；判别生态障碍点25处，多位于生态廊道上；生态网络结构指数α、β和γ分别为0.60、2.00和0.74，通过增设12处踏脚石斑块，α、β和γ指数分别提高18.33%、14.00%和9.46%。研究结果可以为兰西城市群国土空间开发及生态安全维护提供参考。

关键词: 生态网络, 适应性循环, 生态廊道, 关键生态节点, 粒度反推法, 兰西城市群

Abstract:

The construction and optimization of an ecological network is an effective way to prevent landscape fragmentation and ensure regional ecological security. In this study, the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration was selected as the research area. Using the adaptive cycle as the theoretical basis, coupled with the granularity inverse method and morphological spatial pattern analysis, the ecological sources were identified, and the comprehensive “potential-connectivity-resilience” ecological resistance surface was established. The circuit theory was applied to determine the vital ecological nodes and corridors. On this basis, an ecological network was constructed and optimization strategies were proposed. The results showed that the spatial distribution of ecological sources was uneven and fragmented, covering a total area of 4147.84 km². As a whole, the resistance of the study area was characterized by a “high in the west and low in the east” trend, decreasing from the main city to surrounding areas. In total, 40 ecological corridors with a total length of 2278.59 km were extracted and distributed in the central part of the study area. Similarly, 24 ecological pinch points were extracted, primarily distributed in major river corridors and ecological sources; 25 ecological barrier points were identified, mostly located in ecological corridors. The structural indices of the ecological network α, β, and γ were 0.60, 2.00, and 0.74, respectively. By adding 12 stepping-stone patches, these indices increased by 18.33%, 14.00%, and 9.46%, respectively. These results can provide a references point for land-space development and ecological security maintenance in the Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration.

Key words: ecological network, adaptive cycle, ecological corridors, key ecological points, granularity inverse method, Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration

许静, 王德仁. 基于适应性循环的兰西城市群生态网络构建与优化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(5): 856-864.

XU Jing, WANG Deren. Construction and optimization of ecological network of Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration based on adaptive cycle[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(5): 856-864.

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数据名称	年份	类型	分辨率	来源
土地利用	2020年	栅格	30 m	GlobeLand 30（https://www.webmap.cn）
年均气温	2020年	栅格	1 km	中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心（https://www.resdc.cn）
年均降水	2020年	栅格	1 km
植被覆盖度	2021年	栅格	1 km
人口分布	2019年	栅格	1 km
GDP分布	2019年	栅格	1 km
土壤数据	1995年	栅格	1 km	世界土壤数据库（HWSD V1.2）
数字高程	2009年	栅格	30 m	地理空间数据云GDEMV3 30M （https://www.gscloud.cn）
道路、河流和居民地	2021年	矢量	-	全国地理信息资源目录服务系统（https://www.webmap.cn）

准则	指标	类型	权重
潜力	坡度	正向	0.018
	土地利用类型	正向	0.192
	年均降水	负向	0.067
	年均气温	负向	0.061
	水源涵养	负向	0.043
	土壤保持	负向	0.111
	生境质量	负向	0.051
	高程	正向	0.056
连通度	Shannon多样性	负向	0.089
	距建设用地距离	负向	0.007
	分割指数	负向	0.061
	分离度	正向	0.045
韧性	平均邻近指数	负向	0.021
	人口密度	正向	0.012
	GDP	正向	0.015
	稳定性指数	负向	0.078
	NDVI指数	负向	0.124
	结构稳定性指数	负向	0.005

粒度/m	斑块数量/个	斑块密度 /（个·km^-2）	景观形状指数/%	蔓延度指数/%	连接度指数/%	内聚力指数
50	18376	0.18	24.01	80.29	0.27	99.98
100	9934	0.10	19.95	79.13	0.24	99.96
200	4455	0.04	15.62	77.80	0.21	99.93
300	2698	0.03	13.15	77.00	0.18	99.91
400	1960	0.02	11.60	76.46	0.17	99.88
600	1148	0.01	9.63	75.72	0.17	99.83
800	751	0.01	8.48	75.13	0.14	99.80
1000	544	0.01	7.66	74.63	0.11	99.76

	廊道数/条	α指数	β指数	γ指数
优化前	40	0.60	2.00	0.74
优化后	73	0.71	2.28	0.81