黄河上游夏藏滩巨型滑坡区根-土复合体理化与强度特性

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.05.08

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 797-811.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.05.08 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2024.05.08

黄河上游夏藏滩巨型滑坡区根-土复合体理化与强度特性

樊秋璇¹(), 杨馥铖¹, 付江涛², 刘昌义¹, 胡夏嵩¹(), 邢光延³, 赵吉美³, 张培豪¹

1.青海大学地质工程学院，青海西宁 810016
2.青海大学农林科学院，青海西宁 810016
3.青海大学农牧学院，青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2023-10-26 修回日期:2024-02-04 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-29
通讯作者: 胡夏嵩. E-mail: huxiasong01@163.com
作者简介:樊秋璇（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事地质灾害及其防治等方面的研究. E-mail: Fannqx@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42041006);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0905-14);青海省自然科学基金项目(2020-ZJ-906)

The physicochemical and strength characteristics of root-soil composite system in the Xiazangtan super large scale landslide area of the upper Yellow River

FAN Qiuxuan¹(), YANG Fucheng¹, FU Jiangtao², LIU Changyi¹, HU Xiasong¹(), XING Guangyan³, ZHAO Jimei³, ZHANG Peihao¹

1. School of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
2. Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
3. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China

Received:2023-10-26 Revised:2024-02-04 Published:2024-05-15 Online:2024-05-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究黄河上游夏藏滩巨型滑坡分布区土体理化性质及力学强度特征，本研究通过在该滑坡体不同位置制取植物及土体试样，测定各采样点植物生长量指标、土体密度、含水率、含根量、抗剪强度指标以及营养元素含量等指标；在此基础上，通过采用Spearman相关性分析方法，探讨了该滑坡体不同位置植被类型、土体理化性质以及根-土复合体抗剪强度特征。结果表明：植物种类随海拔高度降低表现出增加趋势，其中优势草本植物为异针茅（Stipa aliena）、黄花棘豆（Oxytropis ochrocephala）、沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum）等3种；滑坡分布区土体pH值呈中性至碱性，有机质、全氮、全磷等3种营养元素含量在滑坡体后缘位置变化幅度相对较大，全钾、碱解氮等其余4种营养元素变化幅度较大但未表现出明显变化规律；土体含水率随海拔高度降低呈先增加后降低，土体密度呈增加的变化趋势，即随海拔降低增加幅度分别为7.05%和5.88%；根-土复合体粘聚力c值与含根量均表现出随海拔高度降低呈先增加后降低的变化趋势；此外，通过采用Spearman相关性分析得到，根-土复合体粘聚力c值与海拔高度之间呈负相关关系，而与含根量、有机质、含水率之间则呈正相关关系。研究结果对防治黄河上游龙羊峡至积石峡流域两岸边坡水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害现象具有实际指导意义。

关键词: 黄河上游, 夏藏滩巨型滑坡, 土体理化性质, 根-土复合体, 抗剪强度

Abstract:

For this study of the physical and chemical properties and mechanical characteristics of soil in the distribution area of Xiazangtan super large scale landslide of the upper Yellow River, plants and soil samples at different positions of the landslide were collected, and the plant growth index, soil density, water content, root content, shear strength index, and nutrient element content were measured. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to explore the vegetation types, physical and chemical properties of soil, and the shear strength characteristics of the root-soil composite system in different positions of the landslide. The number of plant species tended to increase as the altitude decreased, and the dominant herbaceous herbs were Stipa aliena, Oxytropis ochrocephala, and Artemisia desertorum. The pH of the soil in the distribution area of the landslide was neutral to alkaline. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus change greatly at the trailing edge of the landslide, whereas the contents of total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and four other nutrients change greatly but do not show obvious variation. The water content of soil first increases and then decreases with the decrease in altitude, while the density of soil increases as the altitude decreases, increasing by 7.05% and 5.88%, respectively. The cohesion c value and root content of the root-soil composite system first increased and then decreased as the altitude decreased. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the cohesion c value of the root-soil composite system was negatively correlated with altitude, but positively correlated with root content, organic matter, and water content. The results of this study have practical significance for guiding the prevention and control of geological disasters such as soil erosion, and shallow landslide in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, from Longyang Gorge to Jishi Gorge.

Key words: the upper Yellow River, Xiazangtan landslide, the physical and chemical properties of soil, root-soil composite system, shear strength

樊秋璇, 杨馥铖, 付江涛, 刘昌义, 胡夏嵩, 邢光延, 赵吉美, 张培豪. 黄河上游夏藏滩巨型滑坡区根-土复合体理化与强度特性[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(5): 797-811.

FAN Qiuxuan, YANG Fucheng, FU Jiangtao, LIU Changyi, HU Xiasong, XING Guangyan, ZHAO Jimei, ZHANG Peihao. The physicochemical and strength characteristics of root-soil composite system in the Xiazangtan super large scale landslide area of the upper Yellow River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(5): 797-811.

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取样点位置	取样点编号	海拔/m	距坡顶水平距离/m
滑坡体后壁顶部	①	2801	0
滑坡体后缘	②	2645	266
	③	2612	420
	④	2545	635
	⑤	2543	665
	⑥	2480	990
滑坡体中部	⑦	2363	1894
	⑧	2312	2385
	⑨	2310	2551
	⑩	2261	3368
	⑪	2285	4106

测试项目	测试方法
全氮	凯氏定氮法
全磷	酸溶-钼锑抗比色法
全钾	氢氟酸高氯酸消煮法
碱解氮	碱解-扩散法
速效磷	碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗比色法
速效钾	乙酸铵浸提-火焰光度法
有机质	高温外加热重铬酸钾氧化容量法
pH值	电位法

取样点位置	取样点位置编号	优势植物类型组合	平均株高/cm	平均地径/mm
滑坡体后壁顶部	①	黄花棘豆+异针茅组合	3.85±1.83	1.65±0.70
滑坡体后缘	②	异针茅+多裂委陵菜+黄花棘豆组合	4.68±1.81	1.38±0.23
	③	蒲公英+芨芨草+异针茅+赖草组合
	④	珠芽蓼+芨芨草+天蓝苜蓿+异针茅+沙蒿组合
	⑤	糙喙苔草+异针茅+披针叶黄华+赖草+栉叶蒿+沙蒿+黄花棘豆+冷地早熟禾+星毛委陵菜组合
	⑥	沙蒿+无茎黄鹌菜+异针茅+糙喙苔草+黄花棘豆+冷地早熟禾组合
滑坡体中部	⑦	二裂委陵菜+异针茅+沙蒿+赖草组合	5.56±2.51	2.09±0.94
	⑧	沙蒿+异针茅+冷地早熟禾组合
	⑨	多裂委陵菜+冷地早熟禾+异针茅组合
	⑩	冷地早熟禾+异针茅组合
	⑪	冷地早熟禾+达乌里胡枝子+异针茅+黄花棘豆+多裂委陵菜组合

取样点位置	pH	有机质 /（g·kg^-1）	全氮 /（g·kg^-1）	全磷 /（g·kg^-1）	全钾 /（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮 /（mg·kg^-1）	速效磷 /（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 /（mg·kg^-1）
滑坡体后壁顶部	8.41	14.63	1.14	1.14	20.61	65.00	3.20	279.00
滑坡体后缘	7.99	39.11	2.65	1.73	24.29	162.00	5.42	192.40
滑坡体中部	8.25	17.95	1.37	1.58	21.74	75.60	3.50	137.00

取样点位置编号	土粒组成/%			d₁₀/mm	d₃₀/mm	d₆₀/mm	C_u	C_c	土体类型
取样点位置编号	0.25~0.075 mm	0.075~0.005 mm	<0.005 mm	d₁₀/mm	d₃₀/mm	d₆₀/mm	C_u	C_c	土体类型
①	14.0	83.4	2.6	0.012	0.030	0.045	3.75	1.67	粉土
④	21.3	76.1	2.6	0.009	0.024	0.041	4.56	1.56	粉土
⑦	28.4	65.7	5.9	0.006	0.022	0.045	7.50	1.79	粉土
⑩	34.5	62.9	2.6	0.011	0.022	0.053	4.82	0.83	粉土

黄河上游夏藏滩巨型滑坡区根-土复合体理化与强度特性

The physicochemical and strength characteristics of root-soil composite system in the Xiazangtan super large scale landslide area of the upper Yellow River

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取样点位置	平均含水率/%	平均密度/（g·cm^-3）
滑坡体后壁顶部	12.77±0.15	1.36±0.03
滑坡体后缘	24.26±2.41	1.38±0.04
滑坡体中部	13.67±1.77	1.44±0.11

取样点位置	平均粘聚力/kPa	平均内摩擦角/（°）	平均含根量/根	平均根径/mm	平均干重/g
滑坡体后壁顶部	9.21±5.36	21.34±0.79	179±4.21	0.34±0.04	1.04±0.40
滑坡体后部	13.67±3.22	21.86±1.71	373±109.91	0.26±0.05	0.98±0.26
滑坡体中部	11.65±2.80	24.97±1.41	167±84.44	0.32±0.08	0.96±0.45

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