河套灌区不同配置农田防护林对田间土壤水分和养分储量的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.08.07

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 1268-1279.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.08.07 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2023.08.07

河套灌区不同配置农田防护林对田间土壤水分和养分储量的影响

冀明欣¹(),冯天骄^1,²(),肖辉杰¹,辛智鸣³,李俊然⁴,王栋¹

1.北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083
2.山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，山西吉县 042200
3.内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站，内蒙古磴口 015200
4.香港大学地理系，香港 999077

收稿日期:2023-01-28 修回日期:2023-04-05 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-24
作者简介:冀明欣(1998-)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事林业生态工程研究. E-mail: 1741992673@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作专项(2019YFE0116500);国家自然科学基金(31870706);国家自然科学基金(41901021);天津市科技计划项目(21YFSNSN00170)

Effects of different farmland shelterbelts on soil water and nutrient storage in the Hetao Irrigation District

JI Mingxin¹(),FENG Tianjiao^1,²(),XIAO Huijie¹,XIN Zhiming³,LI Junran⁴,WANG Dong¹

1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Jixian 042200, Shanxi, China
3. Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Dengkou 015200, Inner Mongolia, China
4. Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China

Received:2023-01-28 Revised:2023-04-05 Published:2023-08-15 Online:2023-08-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农田防护林作为提高生态环境效益的有效农业管理方式，对改善土壤理化性质、改善生态环境，提高作物产量具有重要意义。在河套灌区选择三种典型农田防护林（4行林带、5行林带和8行林带）测量了2019—2021年生长季农田内距防护林0.3 H、0.7 H、1 H、2 H、3 H和4 H处0~100 cm的土壤性质和防护林与农田的植被属性，测算了土壤水分储量（SMS）和土壤养分储量[碳储量(SCS)、氮储量(SNS)和磷储量(SPS)]。结果表明：（1）不同防护林系统水平方向上的土壤容重和土壤黏粒含量差异显著，在垂直方向上土壤属性均有显著差异。（2）防护林具有较好的保水性和养分供应功能，其中4行林带的土壤水分储量和养分储量高于其他林带，分别为SMS 237.44 mm、SCS 544.93 g·m^-2、SNS 953.72 g·m^-2和SPS 859.04 g·m^-2。（3） 4行林带的整体长势比较好，其平均树高为30.06 m，胸径为0.41 m，且4行防护林的作物产量最高，为15.75 t·hm^-2。（4）冗余分析结果显示，不同防护林系统中，环境因子与生态系统功能之间存在密切关系，土壤特性与土壤水分和养分储量关系密切，另外，植被属性与SNS和SPS基本呈负相关。综上所述，4行林带的水分养分供给能力最强，本研究结果可为生态脆弱地区的防护林建设和生态修复提供有效的理论依据。

关键词: 农田防护林, 土壤性质, 植被属性, 生态系统功能, 农田管理

Abstract:

As an effective agricultural management method for improving ecological and environmental benefits, the farmland shelterbelt system is crucial in improving soil physical and chemical properties, the ecological environment, and crop yield. This study clarifies the effects of this system on ecosystem functions and provides a guide for the ecological restoration of fragile ecosystems. In the Hetao Irrigation District, three typical farmland shelterbelts (four-, five-, and eight-line patterns) were selected to measure soil properties at a 0-100 cm depth and vegetation properties of shelterbelts and farmland at different distances (0.3 H, 0.7 H, 1 H, 2 H, 3 H, and 4 H) from the shelterbelts during the growing seasons from 2019 to 2021. Soil moisture storage (SMS) and soil nutrient storage [soil carbon storage (SCS), soil nitrogen storage (SNS), and soil phosphorus storage (SPS)] were measured. The results showed that (1) the soil bulk density and clay content of different shelterbelts differed significantly in the horizontal direction, while the soil properties differed significantly in the vertical direction. (2) The shelterbelts had enhanced water retention and nutrient supply functions, and the soil water and nutrient reserves of the four-line pattern were higher than those of the five- and eight-line patterns (SMS = 237.44 mm; SCS = 544.93 g·m^-2; SNS = 953.72 g·m^-2; SPS = 859.04 g·m^-2). (3) The average tree height and DBH of the four-row shelterbelt were 30.06 m and 0.41 m, respectively. Additionally, the four-row shelterbelt had the maximum crop yield of 15.75 t·hm^-2. (4) Redundancy analysis showed that a close relationship existed between environmental factors and ecosystem functions in the different shelterbelts, soil characteristics were closely related to soil water and nutrient reserves, and vegetation attributes were negatively correlated with SNS and SPS. In conclusion, the four-line pattern demonstrated the strongest capacity for water and nutrient supply. The results of this study provide a sufficient theoretical basis for shelterbelt construction and ecological restoration in ecologically fragile areas.

Key words: farmland shelterbelt, soil properties, vegetation attribute, ecosystem function, farmland management

冀明欣, 冯天骄, 肖辉杰, 辛智鸣, 李俊然, 王栋. 河套灌区不同配置农田防护林对田间土壤水分和养分储量的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(8): 1268-1279.

JI Mingxin, FENG Tianjiao, XIAO Huijie, XIN Zhiming, LI Junran, WANG Dong. Effects of different farmland shelterbelts on soil water and nutrient storage in the Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(8): 1268-1279.

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样地	树种分配	树高/m	林带长/m	树间间距	林龄/a	农田作物
4行	3行小美旱杨+1行沙枣	30.06	340	2.5 m×1.5 m	30	玉米
5行	4行二白杨+1行小美旱杨	23.85	340	2.0 m×1.5 m	33	玉米
8行	8行新疆杨	25.42	340	2.0 m×1.5 m	33	玉米

样地	防护林						农田
样地	树高/m	胸径/m	冠层大小/m²	树冠体积/m³	枝下高/m	FRBD /(g·cm^-2)	植被盖度/%	个体株高/cm	作物产量 /(t·hm^-2)
4行	30.06±0.49A	0.41±0.02B	8.70±1.07A	68.97±8.70A	1.82±0.41A	1.31±0.04A	85.73±0.81A	134.52±10.87A	15.75±0.99A
5行	23.85±0.71C	0.48±0.05B	4.47±0.59B	43.99±4.02B	1.09±0.58B	1.24±0.13A	86.13±1.15A	129.12±10.89A	9.29±1.09B
8行	25.42±0.82B	0.34±0.04A	6.91±0.92A	77.41±13.31A	2.02±0.21A	1.09±0.16A	84.27±0.46A	130.86±10.21A	15.64±0.81A

河套灌区不同配置农田防护林对田间土壤水分和养分储量的影响

Effects of different farmland shelterbelts on soil water and nutrient storage in the Hetao Irrigation District

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