农牧交错带不同利用方式土壤粒径分布特征——以呼和浩特市武川县为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.32

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 1322-1332.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.32 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20220432

• 农业生态 • 上一篇

农牧交错带不同利用方式土壤粒径分布特征——以呼和浩特市武川县为例

付东升¹(),任晓萌²,王燕玲³,张翠英⁴,蒙仲举¹()

1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018
2.内蒙古自治区气象科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特 010051
3.锡林郭勒盟水利局水利事业发展中心,内蒙古锡林浩特 026099
4.内蒙古乌兰察布市四子王旗吉生太镇,内蒙古乌兰察布 011826

收稿日期:2021-09-23 修回日期:2021-11-25 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-09-26
作者简介:付东升（1996-）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: 1145058064@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42067015);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2020MS03038)

Distribution characteristics of soil particle size in farming-pastoral ecotone: A case study of Wuchuan County in Inner Mongolia

FU Dongsheng¹(),REN Xiaomeng²,WANG Yanling³,ZHANG Cuiying⁴,MENG Zhongju¹()

1. College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Inner Mongolia Meteorological Institute, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
3. Water Conservancy Development Center, Xilin Gol League Water Conservancy Bureau, Xilinhot 026099, Inner Mongolia, China
4. Jishengtai Town, Siziwang Banner, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia, Ulanqab City, Ulanqab 011826, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2021-09-23 Revised:2021-11-25 Published:2022-07-15 Online:2022-09-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以呼和浩特市武川县不同农田和天然草地为研究对象,采用野外原位监测和室内试验结合的方法,对典型小麦留茬地、葵花留茬地、翻耕地、退耕地4种农田土壤进行研究,并通过分析平均粒径、标准差、偏度、峰度,对不同利用方式下土地抗风蚀能力进行探讨。研究结果表明：（1）研究区土壤以细砂、极细砂和粉粒为主,占比达80%~85%。（2）土壤粒度组成由细到粗为：翻耕1 a>天然草地>翻耕边坡>小麦留茬>翻耕15 a>退耕5 a>葵花留茬,沙粒平均粒径为2.12~2.61。（3）各层土壤分选性较差,偏度均表现为正偏且近于对称,峰度属于宽平态。土壤易风蚀颗粒粒径范围在200~400 μm。（4）与天然草地相比,农田垦殖利用导致土壤粒径分布范围扩大,粒径整体趋于粗粒化。

关键词: 农牧交错带, 农田, 土壤粒径, 耕作方式, 武川县

Abstract:

This paper takes different farmland and natural grassland in Wuchuan County, Hohhot, as the research object and adopts the method of combining in-situ field monitoring and indoor test to study the following four types of farmland soils: typical wheat stubble land, sunflower stubble land, plowed land, and abandoned farmland. The wind erosion resistance capability of land under different utilization modes is discussed by analyzing the average particle size, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Research results show the following: (1) The soil in the study area is dominated by fine sand, very fine sand, and silt, accounting for 80% to 85%. (2) The soil particle size composition from fine to coarse is as follows: tillage 1 a > natural grassland > tillage slope > wheat stubble > tillage 15 a > abandoned 5 a > sunflower stubble. Meanwhile, the average particle size of sand is 2.12-2.61. (3) The soil sorting capability of each layer is poor, the skewness is positive and nearly symmetrical, and the kurtosis belongs to the broad flat. The particle size range of soil that is prone to wind erosion is between 200 and 400 μm. (4) Compared with natural grassland, farmland reclamation and utilization lead to the expansion of soil particle size distribution, and the overall particle size is coarse.

Key words: farming-pastoral ecotone, farmland, soil particle size, farming methods, Wuchuan County

付东升,任晓萌,王燕玲,张翠英,蒙仲举. 农牧交错带不同利用方式土壤粒径分布特征——以呼和浩特市武川县为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1322-1332.

FU Dongsheng,REN Xiaomeng,WANG Yanling,ZHANG Cuiying,MENG Zhongju. Distribution characteristics of soil particle size in farming-pastoral ecotone: A case study of Wuchuan County in Inner Mongolia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1322-1332.

图/表 7

表1

图1

表2

表3

不同耕作方式下0~30 cm土壤粒度分布"

土层深度/cm	样地	土壤粒度分级/%
土层深度/cm	样地	粗砂粒 1000~500 μm	中砂粒 500~250 μm	细砂粒 250~100 μm	极细砂粒100~50 μm	粉粒 50~2 μm	黏粒 <2 μm
0~5	天然草地	1.36±0.03bc	11.23±0.26bc	34.78±0.36cd	25.43±0.61a	25.16±0.54c	2.04±0.01e
	翻耕边坡	1.26±0.04bcd	10.51±0.32c	32.92±0.61d	24.52±0.52a	28.15±0.60b	2.64±0.18bc
	翻耕1 a	1.37±0.05bc	10.76±0.28bc	30.63±0.33e	21.50±0.36bc	32.39±1.01a	3.35±0.18a
	翻耕15 a	1.95±0.03b	14.24±0.49a	36.85±1.10abc	20.83±0.31c	23.57±0.19cd	2.55±0.11bcd
	小麦留茬	0.60±0.07d	10.37±0.38c	37.49±0.78ab	25.76±0.52a	23.66±0.53cd	2.11±0.00de
	葵花留茬	0.82±0.10cd	12.21±0.82b	38.51±0.62a	22.82±0.42b	22.80±0.70d	2.85±0.05b
	退耕5 a	3.01±0.56a	13.85±0.46a	35.45±0.52bc	21.86±0.06bc	23.55±0.63cd	2.28±0.29cde
5~10	天然草地	1.73±0.12b	15.33±0.46a	34.14±0.33b	18.52±0.65d	27.29±0.63c	2.99±0.45bc
	翻耕边坡	1.13±0.06c	11.80±0.48b	35.23±0.64b	22.31±0.36b	26.81±0.65c	2.72±0.06bc
	翻耕1 a	1.44±0.04bc	10.60±0.35c	30.59±0.81c	20.39±0.72c	33.77±0.28b	3.21±0.12b
	翻耕15 a	1.40±0.08bc	11.48±0.34bc	34.43±0.57b	24.24±0.66a	25.80±0.32c	2.64±0.11bc
	小麦留茬	2.73±0.30a	12.38±0.12b	25.68±0.34d	17.61±0.12d	37.28±0.12a	4.33±0.04a
	葵花留茬	1.83±0.08b	12.48±0.31b	33.64±0.22b	22.08±0.07bc	26.69±0.21c	3.28±0.44b
	退耕5 a	2.32±0.20a	15.80±0.34a	37.31±0.32a	20.71±0.77bc	21.58±1.50d	2.27±0.03c
10~20	天然草地	1.33±0.06bc	10.48±0.07c	29.58±0.37d	21.29±0.03cd	34.76±0.27a	2.56±0.01bc
	翻耕边坡	1.34±0.04bc	10.48±0.34c	32.65±0.41c	24.66±0.76a	28.05±0.44bc	2.82±0.18ab
	翻耕1 a	0.79±0.04c	12.19±0.49bc	36.45±0.29b	22.57±0.28bc	25.64±0.43c	2.36±0.07bcd
	翻耕15 a	1.19±0.08bc	12.08±0.16bc	32.56±0.51c	21.33±0.44cd	29.60±0.19b	3.24±0.12a
	小麦留茬	1.22±0.22bc	12.94±1.78bc	38.83±0.92a	24.03±0.89ab	21.17±1.99d	1.81±0.01d
	葵花留茬	2.28±0.17a	15.69±0.41a	37.11±0.14b	20.91±0.43cd	21.80±0.72d	2.21±0.12cd
	退耕5 a	1.56±0.33b	13.39±0.84ab	35.67±0.45b	20.51±0.55d	26.66±0.12c	2.21±0.38cd
20~30	天然草地	1.24±0.09b	12.26±0.72a	32.15±0.54d	17.37±0.62c	34.34±0.97a	2.64±0.56a
	翻耕边坡	1.33±0.05b	11.08±0.14ab	34.49±0.58bc	23.17±0.49ab	26.84±0.94c	3.10±0.22a
	翻耕1 a	0.64±0.04c	10.01±0.18b	32.79±0.68cd	22.33±0.66b	31.26±0.34b	2.96±0.10a
	翻耕15 a	1.76±0.04a	12.59±0.54a	36.17±0.55b	22.38±0.54b	24.52±0.72cd	2.59±0.11a
	小麦留茬	0.73±0.06c	11.76±0.69ab	40.39±1.12a	24.20±0.25a	21.11±0.80e	1.82±0.02b
	葵花留茬	1.41±0.10b	12.49±1.19a	38.82±0.54a	22.16±0.21b	22.54±0.50de	2.57±0.06a
	退耕5 a	0.71±0.07c	8.02±0.20c	29.50±0.36e	22.78±0.47ab	36.18±0.93a	2.81±0.08a

表3

表4

图2

图3

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样地类别	地类及地表情况
翻耕地	分为1 a、15 a翻耕地,垄向东西走向,垄向与主风向30°夹角
小麦留茬地	留茬方向东西向,留茬高度25 cm,盖度75%左右,地上秸秆较多
葵花留茬地	留茬方向东西向,留茬高度90 cm,盖度20%左右,地上无秸秆
翻耕边坡	天然草地与新开垦农田交汇处出现的剖面,约50 cm高,无植被覆盖
退耕地	地表有大量草本植物,平均高度10 cm,有少量砾石,退耕5~6 a,有放牧
天然草地（CK）	具有针茅等草本植物生长,平均高15 cm

标准偏差σ₀		偏度S₀		峰度K₀
分选级别	取值范围	偏度等级	取值范围	峰度等级	取值范围
分选极好	σ₀≤0.35	极负偏	-1.0≤S₀≤-0.3	很宽平	K₀≤0.67
分选好	0.35<σ₀≤0.50	负偏	-0.3≤S₀≤-0.1	宽平	0.67<K₀≤0.90
分选较好	0.50<σ₀≤0.71	近于对称	-0.1≤S₀≤0.1	中等	0.90<K₀≤1.11
分选中等	0.71<σ₀≤1.00	正偏	0.1≤S₀≤0.3	尖窄	1.11<K₀≤1.56
分选较差	1.00<σ₀≤2.00	极正偏	0.3≤S₀≤1.0	很尖窄	1.56<K₀≤3.00
分选差	2.00<σ₀≤4.00			极尖窄	K₀>3.00
分选极差	σ₀>4.00

土层深度/cm	样地	平均粒径d₀(Φ)	标准偏差σ₀	偏度S₀	峰度K₀
0~5	天然草地	2.33±0.01c	1.26±0.00b	0.15±0.01b	0.78±0.01a
	翻耕边坡	2.42±0.01b	1.27±0.01b	0.08±0.01c	0.75±0.01a
	翻耕1 a	2.50±0.02a	1.30±0.00a	0.00±0.02d	0.72±0.00b
	翻耕15 a	2.21±0.00de	1.30±0.01a	0.23±0.01a	0.77±0.00c
	小麦留茬	2.31±0.02c	1.23±0.00c	0.20±0.01b	0.78±0.00a
	葵花留茬	2.24±0.02d	1.26±0.01b	0.25±0.01a	0.79±0.00a
	退耕5 a	2.22±0.02e	1.29±0.02a	0.23±0.01a	0.78±0.01a
5~10	天然草地	2.26±0.02d	1.33±0.01b	0.15±0.01ab	0.73±0.01a
	翻耕边坡	2.33±0.01c	1.28±0.01d	0.08±0.01bc	0.75±0.02a
	翻耕1 a	2.52±0.03b	1.30±0.00c	0.00±0.03d	0.72±0.04a
	翻耕15 a	2.33±0.01c	1.27±0.01d	0.23±0.02c	0.77±0.01a
	小麦留茬	2.58±0.00a	1.37±0.01a	0.20±0.01ab	0.71±0.02a
	葵花留茬	2.33±0.01c	1.30±0.00c	0.25±0.00a	0.75±0.02a
	退耕5 a	2.12±0.03e	1.33±0.01c	0.23±0.00a	0.80±0.01a
10~20	天然草地	2.53±0.01a	1.29±0.00b	-0.05±0.01c	0.72±0.00b
	翻耕边坡	2.33±0.02b	1.28±0.01c	0.18±0.02b	0.75±0.00b
	翻耕1 a	2.31±0.01c	1.26±0.00c	0.22±0.00a	0.75±0.00b
	翻耕15 a	2.41±0.01b	1.30±0.00ab	0.10±0.01b	0.73±0.00b
	小麦留茬	2.22±0.07cd	1.24±0.01d	0.25±0.02a	0.80±0.03a
	葵花留茬	2.14±0.02d	1.31±0.00a	0.23±0.01a	0.80±0.01a
	退耕5 a	2.28±0.03c	1.31±0.01ab	0.22±0.00a	0.74±0.00b
20~30	天然草地	2.47±0.04b	1.31±0.00a	0.01±0.04c	0.70±0.00d
	翻耕边坡	2.39±0.02c	1.28±0.01bc	0.13±0.02b	0.75±0.01c
	翻耕1 a	2.48±0.01b	1.27±0.00bc	0.05±0.01c	0.72±0.00d
	翻耕15 a	2.26±0.00d	1.28±0.01b	0.22±0.00a	0.77±0.01bc
	小麦留茬	2.20±0.02d	1.23±0.01e	0.25±0.01a	0.83±0.01a
	葵花留茬	2.22±0.02d	1.28±0.01c	0.25±0.00a	0.79±0.01b
	退耕5 a	2.61±0.02a	1.25±0.00d	-0.09±0.02d	0.71±0.00d

农牧交错带不同利用方式土壤粒径分布特征——以呼和浩特市武川县为例

Distribution characteristics of soil particle size in farming-pastoral ecotone: A case study of Wuchuan County in Inner Mongolia

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