不同灌溉模式下胡杨断根处理根蘖繁殖特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为巩固塔里木河下游输水成效,需要采用适宜的灌溉方式并结合断根萌蘖技术,促进胡杨林的更新复壮及下游的生态修复。以往的研究很少将不同灌溉模式与断根萌蘖生态修复效果相结合。因此,根据地形特点将研究区分为A₁、A₂、A₃分区,对研究区开沟断根后,根据灌溉间隔、时长、水量的不同设置4种灌溉模式,具体为对照组（未进行灌溉的自然条件, F₁）;灌溉间隔11 d,每10 m断根沟的灌溉水量为6 m³,灌溉持续时长2 d（F₂）;灌溉间隔23 d,每10 m断根沟的灌溉水量为7 m³,灌溉持续时长3 d（F₃）;灌溉间隔33 d,每10 m断根沟的灌溉水量为8 m³,灌溉持续时长4 d（F₄）,调查在不同的灌溉处理下胡杨萌蘖更新情况。结果表明：（1）远端根萌蘖能力优于近端根,A₁、A₂、A₃分区内远端根的萌芽率分别为70.7%、77.1%、64.1%;胡杨萌蘖点距萌蘖根切面的距离集中在1~16 cm;萌蘖点与母树距离集中在5.5~7 m;萌蘖根分布深度集中在30~50 cm;萌蘖根直径集中在0.4~0.7 cm。（2）根据胡杨根蘖苗的萌发数量,确定了适宜胡杨根萌蘖的土壤温度以及含水率区间分别为26.5~28.1 ℃、10.6%~13.1%;适宜胡杨根蘖的灌溉模式为灌溉间隔23 d,每10 m断根沟的灌溉水量为7 m³,灌溉时长3 d（F₃）。研究结果可为塔里木河流域胡杨林更新复壮提供参考。

关键词: 塔里木河下游, 胡杨林, 开沟断根, 根蘖苗, 更新复壮

Abstract:

With the improvement of water resource management in Tarim River basin, the ecological environment in the lower reaches of Tarim River has been improved after ecological water diversion. Adopting appropriate irrigation methods combined with ecological restoration technology such as root cutting and sprouting is necessary to consolidate the effect of downstream water transfer, thereby promoting the regeneration and rejuvenation of Populus euphratica forest and the ecological protection and restoration of downstream. However, few studies have combined different irrigation patterns with ecological restoration effects of root cutting and sprouting. In this regard, this study was divided into A₁, A₂, and A₃ in accordance with the terrain characteristics of the study area. Irrigation modes of different treatments were adopted after ditching and root cutting in the study area. Four irrigation modes were set in accordance with the water quantity of irrigation interval, and the specific control group was referred to as F₁. The irrigation interval was 11 days; the irrigation water amount was 6 m³ every 10 m, and the irrigation duration was 2 days (F₂). The irrigation interval was 23 days; the irrigation water amount was 7 m³ every 10 m, and the irrigation duration was 3 days (F₃). In investigating the sprout renewal situation of Populus euphratica under different irrigation treatments, the irrigation interval was 33 days; the irrigation water amount was 8 m³ every 10 m, and the irrigation duration was 4 days (F₄). Results showed that the germination ability of distal roots was better than that of proximal roots, and the germination rate of distal roots in A₁, A₂, and A₃ zones was 70.7%, 77.1%, and 64.1%, respectively. The distance between the sprout point and sprout root section of Populus euphratica was concentrated in 1-16 cm. In addition, the distance between the root sprout seedling and parent tree was 5.5-7 m. The distribution depth of the sprout root was concentrated in 30-50 cm. The diameter of the sprout root was concentrated in 0.4-0.7 cm. Based on the germination number of the root and tillering seedlings of Populus euphratica, the optimum soil temperature and water content were determined to be 26.5-28.1 ℃ and 10.6%-13.1%, respectively. The suitable irrigation mode for Populus euphratica root cutting ditch was 23-day interval, and the irrigation water amount was 7 m³ per 10 m root ditch. Moreover, the irrigation duration was 3 days (F₃). The results can provide reference for the regeneration and rejuvenation of Populus euphratica in Tarim river basin.

Key words: lower Tarim River, Populus euphratica forest, digging dike and cutting root, root sucker, update the rejuvenation

王子康,焦阿永,凌红波,单钱娟,张广朋,王文琦. 不同灌溉模式下胡杨断根处理根蘖繁殖特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1133-1142.

WANG Zikang,JIAO Ayong,LING Hongbo,SHAN Qianjuan,ZHANG Guangpeng,WANG Wenqi. Characteristics of Populus euphratica root under various irrigation modes[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1133-1142.

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	第一主成分	第二主成分	第三主成分
X₁	0.008	0.920	-0.190
X₂	-0.031	0.294	0.941
X₃	0.709	-0.513	-0.210
X₄	0.851	0.425	-0.121
X₅	0.821	-0.363	0.392
X₆	0.869	0.348	-0.044
特征值	2.658	1.630	1.136
成分贡献率/%	44.292	27.161	18.941
累计贡献率/%	44.292	71.453	90.394