降水梯度对青海湖河源湿地温室气体排放日变化的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.09

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 754-766.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.09

降水梯度对青海湖河源湿地温室气体排放日变化的影响

杨紫唯^1,^2,³(),车子涵^2,³,刘芙梅^1,^2,³,陈克龙^2,³()

1.青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁 810008
2.青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,青海西宁 810008
3.青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,青海西宁 810008

收稿日期:2021-09-09 修回日期:2021-11-22 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-05-30
通讯作者: 陈克龙
作者简介:杨紫唯(1997-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事自然地理与生态环境过程. E-mail: 1041730364@qq.com
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0405);国家自然科学基金项目(41661023);青海省科技计划(2020-ZJ-Y06)

Precipitation gradient influence on daily greenhouse gas emission fluxes from a Qinghai Lake wetland

YANG Ziwei^1,^2,³(),CHE Zihan^2,³,LIU Fumei^1,^2,³,CHEN Kelong^2,³()

1. School of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
2. Key Laboratory of Natural Geography and Environmental Processes of Qinghai Province, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
3. Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Surface Process and Ecological Conservation, Ministry of Education, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China

Received:2021-09-09 Revised:2021-11-22 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-05-30
Contact: Kelong CHEN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水分是影响高寒生态系统生长发育的主要限制因素,为探明不同水分条件对湿地温室气体排放特征的影响,选取青海湖流域瓦颜山河源湿地为研究对象,利用不同的水分特征湿地,通过静态箱-气相色谱法,监测了湿地24 h温室气体排放特征,探究了2020年和2021年8月（生长旺季）的CK（对照处理）、+25%（增雨25%处理）、-25%（减雨25%处理）、+75%（增雨75%处理）、-75%（减雨75%处理）条件下,对二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）、氧化亚氮（N₂O）日变化趋势。结果表明：（1） CO₂排放范围为47.52~123.71 mg·m^-2·h^-1,CH₄通量范围为-8.50~6.74 µg·m^-2·h^-1,N₂O通量范围为-15.82~6.90 µg·m^-2·h^-1。（2） CK、+25%、+75%处理下CO₂、CH₄、N₂O日变化表现为排放状态;-25%处理下CO₂日变化表现为排放状态,CH₄、N₂O表现为吸收状态;-75%处理下CO₂、N₂O日变化表现为排放状态,CH₄表现为吸收状态,不同降水处理之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）。（3） CO₂与0~10 cm土壤温度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与土壤水分呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;CH₄与土壤温度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,与土壤水分呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;N₂O与土壤温度呈正相关（P<0.05）,而CK处理与土壤水分呈负相关,减雨处理呈正相关（P<0.05）,但无明显规律。（4）不同水分处理下植物群落发生小幅度演替情况。土壤水分、温度的平衡对该区的温室气体排放通量影响较为显著,应避免失调导致温室气体排放量升高。

关键词: 温室气体, 静态箱-气相色谱法, 源汇效应, 土壤水分, 降水模拟, 青海湖流域

Abstract:

Moisture is the main limiting factor affecting the growth and development of alpine ecosystems. To explore effects of different water conditions on characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands, wetlands at the source of the Wayan Mountain in Qinghai Lake Basin were selected. Box-gas chromatography monitored 24-hour greenhouse gas emission characteristics of wetlands and explored effects of control treatment (CK), +25% (precipitation increase 25% treatment), -25% (reduction in the daily change trend of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) under conditions of 25% rain treatment), +75% (precipitation increaseo of 75% treatment), and -75% (precipitation reduction of 75% treatment). The results showed that: (1) CO₂ emission ranged from 47.52 to 123.71 mg·m^-2·h^-1, CH₄ flux ranged from -8.50 to 6.74 µg·m^-2·h^-1, and N₂O flux ranged from -15.82 to 6.90 µg·m^-2·h^-1. (2) The diurnal variation of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O in CK, +25% and +75% treatments showed emission status, and the diurnal variation of CO₂ in -25% treatment showed emission status, while CH₄ and N₂O showed absorption status; The diurnal changes of CO₂ and N₂O under -75% treatment were emission state, while CH₄ was absorption state, and there were significant differences among different precipitation treatments (P<0.05). (3) CO₂ had a significant positive correlation with soil temperature (P<0.05) and a significant negative correlation with soil moisture (P<0.05); There was a significant negative correlation between CH₄ and soil temperature (P<0.05) and between CH₄ and soil moisture (P<0.05); There was a positive correlation between N₂O and soil temperature (P<0.05), while there was a negative correlation between N₂O and soil moisture in CK treatment and a positive correlation in rain reduction treatment (P<0.05), and there was no obvious regularity. (4) Small succession of plant communities occurred under different water treatments. The balance of soil moisture and temperature has a significant impact on the greenhouse gas emission flux in this area, and the imbalance should be avoided to lead to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions.

Key words: greenhouse gas, static chamber-gas chromatography, source-sink effect, soil moisture, precipitation simulation, Qinghai Lake

杨紫唯,车子涵,刘芙梅,陈克龙. 降水梯度对青海湖河源湿地温室气体排放日变化的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(3): 754-766.

YANG Ziwei,CHE Zihan,LIU Fumei,CHEN Kelong. Precipitation gradient influence on daily greenhouse gas emission fluxes from a Qinghai Lake wetland[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 754-766.

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	处理	7:00	11:00	15:00	19:00	23:00	3:00
土壤温度/℃	CK	3.06±0.49b	5.10±0.36b	8.73±1.02a	8.23±0.60a	7.56±0.30c	6.26±0.37d
	+25%	3.13±0.34b	4.53±0.11b	8.43±0.11a	8.13±1.04a	6.96±0.34c	6.30±0.43d
	-25%	2.60±1.40c	5.40±0.72b	9.33±1.15a	9.23±0.45a	7.23±0.32cd	6.46±0.32d
	+75%	2.43±1.10bc	5.66±0.85b	8.63±2.03a	8.46±0.76a	7.06±0.55cd	6.16±0.15d
	-75%	3.03±0.76b	6.56±0.20b	9.23±1.01a	8.73±0.40a	6.93±0.85c	6.66±0.77c
土壤水分/%	CK	35.63±1.09c	33.36±1.09d	34.00±1.58d	34.73±0.50c	48.56±0.37b	55.66±2.50a
	+25%	37.40±0.65b	33.16±0.32c	35.63±2.74bc	34.43±0.58bc	56.70±2.52a	56.06±3.85a
	-25%	36.53±0.83c	31.10±0.95d	33.63±1.20cd	32.60±1.25d	42.80±2.04b	54.00±3.00a
	+75%	36.23±0.80bc	32.13±1.95c	37.50±3.67b	34.13±0.30bc	55.50±1.45a	54.90±5.16a
	-75%	35.53±0.89b	30.86±0.98b	32.73±0.55b	31.83±2.05b	54.73±3.78a	53.13±7.10a

	处理	7:00	11:00	15:00	19:00	23:00	3:00
土壤温度/℃	CK	2.43±0.08e	4.53±0.14d	8.96±0.27a	7.23±0.24b	7.40±0.05b	5.90±0.05c
	+25%	2.20±0.15c	5.96±0.27b	7.93±0.38a	5.43±0.34b	5.53±0.18b	4.96±0.17b
	-25%	2.83±0.08d	6.20±0.15b	8.63±0.26a	6.56±0.31b	6.80±0.11b	5.43±0.06c
	+75%	2.10±0.15c	5.43±0.80b	8.10±0.52a	6.30±0.81b	6.10±0.35b	5.33±0.20b
	-75%	2.26±0.08d	5.46±0.82c	8.53±0.12a	7.40±0.30ab	6.86±0.12b	5.43±0.23c
土壤水分/%	CK	56.90±1.03b	56.50±0.49b	56.56±0.84b	63.10±1.31a	58.20±0.55b	65.10±0.91a
	+25%	57.00±1.49a	56.76±1.03a	57.30±1.27a	62.13±0.82a	62.13±1.06a	61.16±2.68a
	-25%	52.06±0.67c	55.23±1.31bc	56.36±1.04bc	59.63±0.90ab	61.83±1.34a	60.40±1.85ab
	+75%	55.10±0.72b	57.73±1.38b	59.8±2.65b	65.13±1.27ab	65.26±2.19a	64.53±0.89a
	-75%	53.33±0.06a	55.76±1.06a	58.10±0.32a	59.03±0.78a	57.53±1.21a	59.83±4.52a

处理	pH		EC
处理	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	0~10 cm	10~20 cm
CK	6.700±0.070	6.673±0.078	178.300±2.400	143.600±3.300
+25%	6.233±0.503	6.883±0.513	252.997±3.105	89.200±1.600
-25%	6.267±0.481	5.950±0.563	208.000±2.100	134.733±2.964
+75%	6.050±1.020	6.550±0.910	383.000±1.960	150.500±3.160
-75%	6.300±0.510	7.000±0.630	334.000±2.150	90.800±1.960

时间	处理	植被优势种	植被盖度/%	植被高度/cm	植被表层厚度/cm
2020年8月	CK	藏嵩草、薹草、火绒草	84	5.4~12.6	0.21
	+25%	藏嵩草、薹草、鹅绒委陵菜、火绒草	92	6.3~17.4	0.16
	-25%	藏嵩草、薹草、平车前	82	4.9~15.3	0.28
	+75%	藏嵩草、薹草、火绒草、乳白香青	90	7.1~17.8	0.37
	-75%	藏嵩草、薹草、鹅绒委陵菜、蓝石草	80	0.9~13.7	0.23
2021年8月	CK	藏嵩草、薹草、火绒草	85	5.6~11.8	0.23
	+25%	藏嵩草、薹草、鹅绒委陵菜、火绒草	93	7.4~17.5	0.31
	-25%	藏嵩草、薹草、平车前	81	5.2~13.6	0.25
	+75%	藏嵩草、薹草、火绒草、乳白香青	87	8.2~16.8	0.28
	-75%	藏嵩草、薹草、鹅绒委陵菜、蓝石草、伏毛山莓草	80	2.6~10.6	0.19

降水梯度对青海湖河源湿地温室气体排放日变化的影响

Precipitation gradient influence on daily greenhouse gas emission fluxes from a Qinghai Lake wetland

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