基于景观生态安全的神木市生态廊道识别与优化

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以优化生态格局为出发点,对神木市景观生态安全进行评价。综合运用主成分分析法、自然断点法、MCR(Minimum Cumulative Resistance,MCR)模型,获取神木市生态安全格局的分布状况,并在此基础上提取生态源地,采用最小累积阻力模型构建生态廊道以优化生态景观格局。结果表明:神木市景观生态安全状况分为5级,1级区域多位于西北部,少部分分布在东南部及北部边缘地区,2级、3级区域在全域呈碎片化相间分布,4级、5级区域分别受人类活动和自然条件影响,在中部建设用地区成集中连片分布,东南部沟壑纵横区成碎片化分布;神木市生态廊道共121条,其中有19.08%的生态廊道独立存在,43.51%的生态廊道未与主要生态廊道群相连;设计新增生态廊道10条,总长76.69 km。通过新增生态廊道,完善生态廊道网络,加强独立生态廊道与生态源地的联系,对优化神木市景观生态环境,构建生态安全格局具有重要的参考意义。

关键词: 生态廊道, 景观生态安全评价, MCR模型, 神木市

Abstract:

In this study, the ecological security of the Shenmu City landscape was evaluated to optimizing its ecological pattern. Principal component analysis, the natural break point method, and the multivariate curve resolution (MCR) model were used to obtain the distribution of the ecological security pattern in Shenmu City, China. Then, the ecological source area was extracted and the MCR model was used to construct the ecological corridor that optimizes the ecological landscape pattern. The results showed that the landscape security of Shenmu City is divided into five levels: The first level area is mostly located in the northwest, with a few areas distributed in the southeast and the northern marginal areas; the secondary and tertiary regions are distributed in fragmented phases throughout the whole region; due to the impact of human activities and natural conditions, the fourth and fifth level regions are concentrated and distributed in the central construction area, with the southeast gully crisscross area of fragmented distribution. Of the 121 ecological corridors in Shenmu City, 19.08% exist independently, and 43.51% are not connected to the main ecological corridor group. Thus, 10 new ecological corridors were designed, with a total length of 76.69 km to improve the ecological corridor network and strengthen the connection between the independent ecological corridors and the ecological source land. The results of this study are of great significance to optimize the landscape ecological environment of Shenmu City and to construct an ecological security pattern.

Key words: ecological corridor, landscape ecological security evaluation, minimum cumulative resistance model, Shenmu City

吴金华,刘思雨,白帅. 基于景观生态安全的神木市生态廊道识别与优化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1120-1127.

WU Jinhua,LIU Siyu,BAI Shuai. Identification and optimization of ecological corridors in Shenmu City based on landscape ecological security[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 1120-1127.

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评价因子		因子分级					权重	权重和
评价因子		1级	2级	3级	4级	5级	权重	权重和
外部条件	坡度/(°)	≤2	2~6	6~15	15~25	>25	0.13	0.53
	距离水体的距离/m	≤500	500~1000	1000~1500	1500~2000	>2000	0.06
	距离道路的距离/m	>5000	3000~5000	2000~3000	1000~2000	≤1000	0.09
	距离居民点的距离/m	>2000	1500~2000	1000~1500	500~1000	≤500	0.13
	土地利用类型	林地、河流水面、湖泊水面、水库水面	园地、天然草地、人工草地	耕地、设施农用地、农村道路、坑塘水面、沟渠、田坎、沿海滩涂、内部滩涂、沼泽地		城市、建制镇、村庄、街巷用地、风景名胜及特殊用地、采矿用地、铁路用地、公路用地、机场用地、港口码头用地、管道运输用地、水工建筑用地、其他草地、沙地、裸地、盐碱地、冰川及永久积雪	0.12
内部条件	斑块密度	<10.98	10.98~17.50	17.50~23.29	23.29~31.30	≥31.30	0.07	0.47
	景观散布与并列指数	<38.62	38.62~45.73	45.73~52.57	52.57~61.38	≥61.38	0.06
	景观蔓延度指数	≥74.25	65.56~74.25	60.94~65.56	54.84~60.94	<54.84	0.13
	景观丰度	≥10	8.00~10.00	7.00~8.00	6.00~7.00	<6.00	0.09
	景观均匀度指数	≥0.69	0.60~0.69	0.53~0.60	0.41~0.53	<0.41	0.12

生态廊道级别	编号	廊道长度/km	位置
二级廊道	1	6.74	尔林兔镇
	2	11.16	锦界镇、麻家塔办事处交界
	3	10.09	高家堡镇、大保当镇交界
	4	9.59	高家堡镇
	5	7.39	太和寨、花石崖镇交界
	6	6.59	栏杆堡镇
	8	8.04	店塔镇
	10	7.87	大柳塔镇
三级廊道	7	4.69	麻家塔办事处、神木镇交界
三级廊道	9	4.53	孙家岔镇、大柳塔镇交界