干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 977-982.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2015.05.21

• 气候与气候变化 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地气溶胶散射系数变化特征

彭艳梅1, 何清2,3, 刘新春2,3, 肖高翔1, 魏子杰4   

  1. 1.新疆维吾尔自治区气象服务中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002;
    2.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所新疆树木年轮生态实验室/中国气象局树轮年轮理化研究重点开放实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002;
    3.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站,新疆 塔中 841000;
    4.巴仑台气象站 新疆 巴仑台 841312
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-10 修回日期:2014-01-20 出版日期:2015-09-15 发布日期:2015-10-14
  • 作者简介:彭艳梅(1987-),女,助理工程师,主要从事气象服务工作.E-mail:pengyanmei00@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41375162,41175017, 41375163)共同资助。

Variation Characteristics of Aerosol Scattering Coefficient in Taklimakan Desert

PENG Yan-mei1, HE Qing2,3, LIU Xin-chun2,3, XIAO Gao-xiang1, WEI Zi-jie4   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Meteorological Service Center, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China;
    2. Xinjiang Laboratory of Tree Ring Ecology/Key Open Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research , Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China;
    3. Taklimakan Station of Desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation and Experiment, Tazhong 831000, Xinjiang, China;
    4. Baluntai Meteorological Station, Baluntai 841312, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2013-12-10 Revised:2014-01-20 Published:2015-09-15 Online:2015-10-14

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摘要： 利用2010年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站(简称塔中试验站)单波段积分浊度计观测资料,结合塔中地面气象观测资料,分析塔中气溶胶散射系数的变化特征以及在不同天气条件下气溶胶散射系数的变化情况。研究表明:塔中散射系数小时平均值为318.4 Mm-1,集中出现于400 Mm-1以下;日变化范围是276.4~387.0 Mm-1,呈现单峰变化,夜间大于白天,最大值和最小值分别出现在2:00和17:00;月均值的高值集中在3—8月,尤其是3—4月,2月最小;四季散射系数变化为:春季＞夏季＞秋季＞冬季。沙尘天气发生时,散射系数有明显的升高,并且沙尘暴＞扬沙＞浮尘。沙尘暴过程散射系数在2 000~2 500 Mm-1最集中,扬沙则是在 300~400 Mm-1最集中,浮尘天气下主要在300 Mm-1左右。阴天散射系数明显大于晴天:分别为356.5 Mm-1和129.1 Mm-1;两者变化比较平稳,且在8:00—11:00和20:00—22:00出现比较明显的波动。

关键词: 散射系数, 沙尘气溶胶, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract: The single-band integral nephelometer observation data of Taklimakan Desert Taklimakan Desert atmosphere Observation Station (referred to as:Tazhong Test Station) in 2010,combined with meteorological Tazhong observations,were used to analyze aerosol scattering coefficient variations and change in aerosol scattering coefficient under different weather conditions in Tazhong. Study showed that: ① Hour average of scattering coefficient in Tazhong was 318.4 Mm-1,and the values concentrated on 400 Mm-1 or less. Diurnal variation ranged from 276.4 to 387.0 Mm-1,and showed a single peak change. The values in daytime were bigger than that at night,and the maximum and minimum values appeared at 2:00 and 17:00,respectively. High values of the monthly average concentration appeared from March to August,especially March to April. The minimum values appeared in February. Seasonal variation of the scattering coefficient changed in the following way: spring> summer> autumn> winter.② When dust weather occurred,scattering coefficient increased significantly,and changed in different dust weather like this: the sandstorm> blowing sand> floating dust. The scattering coefficient when sandstorm was happening most concentrated from 2 000 to 2 500 Mm-1. When blowing sand was happening,the scattering coefficient ranged from 300 to 400 Mm-1. When floating dust was happening,the values were mainly under 300 Mm-1. ③ The scattering coefficient values in cloudy day was significantly greater than that in sunny day,the two values were 356.5 Mm-1 and 129.1 Mm-1,respectively. Both changes in two kinds of days were relatively stable overall,and obvious fluctuations appeared from 8:00 to 11:00 and 20:00 to 22:00.

Key words: scattering coefficient, dust aerosols, Taklimakan desert