干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 582-587.

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于WEAP的塔里木河干流灌溉满足度模拟

徐慧，张运超   

  1. （河海大学水文水资源学院，江苏 南京 210098）
  • 收稿日期:2012-07-26 修回日期:2012-09-29 出版日期:2013-07-15 发布日期:2013-07-29
  • 作者简介:徐慧（1969-），女，副教授，主要从事水资源综合利用与保护研究. E-mail: njxh@hhu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    水利部公益性行业科研专项（201001066,201201072）

WEAP based Simulation of Satisfaction Degree of Irrigation Water in the Mainstream Area of the Tarim River Basin

XU Hui,ZHANG Yun-chao   

  1. (College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, China)
  • Received:2012-07-26 Revised:2012-09-29 Online:2013-07-15 Published:2013-07-29

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摘要： 根据《塔里木河流域近期综合治理规划》规定的水权分配方案，以保障干流天然植物正常生长所需水分和塔里木河下游不断流为前提，模拟计算了塔里木河干流现状灌溉需水的满足度。首先，采用定额法估算塔里木河干流天然植被需水量，选用90%保障率最枯月平均流量法，估算塔里木河干流最小河道内生态需水量，得出塔里木河干流不同保障率的水资源可利用量；其次，建立了塔里木河干流水资源评价和规划模型（WEAP），估算了各灌区基准年的需水量；最后，模拟计算了不同保障率下各灌区逐月的需水满足度。结果表明：随着来水保障率的提高，除了塔里木河下游灌区需水得到满足外，其他各灌区各月需水满足度出现不同程度的下降，生产用水与生态用水矛盾逐渐突出。在平水年、枯水年和特枯水年，灌溉总缺水量分别为0.43×108 m3、1.29×108 m3和2.44×108 m3，缺水最严重的月份主要集中在3月、11月，其次为4月和5月，缺水量最大的为塔里木河中游灌区。

关键词: 生态需水, 灌溉需水, 满足度, WEAP模型, 塔里木河干流

Abstract: Rational redistribution and utilization of water resources for farming irrigation and natural ecology in the mainstream area of the Tarim River Basin is critical to the ecology and environment improvement. The monthly satisfaction degrees of irrigation water of all the irrigated areas were simulated with the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) model based on the assigned water volume from the “Shortterm Comprehensive Improvement Plan of the Tarim River Basin” and the premise of the minimum ecological water demand. The water demand of natural vegetation was estimated through the quota method and the minimum water demand of the mainstream at 90% reliability rate of stream flow. The volumes of available water resources were computed by subtracting the ecological water demand and water loss along the river channel from the assigned quota, and they were 1.217×109 m3, 7.45×108 m3 and 5.69×108 m3 under the stream flow reliability rates of 50%, 75% and 95%, respectively. The WEAP model was developed for estimating the satisfaction degrees of irrigation water in the mainstream area of the Tarim River Basin by inputting the modeling factors and data, such as the rivers, river channels, reservoirs, irrigated areas, water supply priority, monthly volume of available water resources, crops, irrigation programs of all the irrigated areas and water loss of the reservoirs. The satisfaction degrees of irrigation water in all the irrigated areas were simulated. Satisfaction degree of irrigation water in the areas irrigated by both rivers and reservoirs was higher than that in the areas irrigated by rivers only. Shortage of irrigation was the most serious in November and March, and then in April and May in the mainstream area of the Tarim River Basin.

Key words: ecological water demand, irrigation water demand, satisfaction degree, WEAP model, mainstream of the Tarim River