不同季节鹅喉羚昼间活动节律特征

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 548-554.

不同季节鹅喉羚昼间活动节律特征

夏参军^1,2, 徐文轩^1,2, 杨维康¹, 乔建芳¹, 刘伟¹

1. 中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2010-03-31 修回日期:2010-05-27 出版日期:2011-06-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
通讯作者: 杨维康.E-mail:Yangwk@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:夏参军(1982-),男,安徽砀山人,博士研究生,主要从事动物生态学研究
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-343);中国意大利国际合作项目(0866031)资助

Diurnal Activity Rhythm of Goitred Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Different Seasons

XIA Can-jun^1,2, XU Wen-xuan^1,2, YANG Wei-kang¹, QIAO Jian-fang¹, LIU Wei¹

1. Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Biological Resources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
2. Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2010-03-31 Revised:2010-05-27 Online:2011-06-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2007年10月至2008年10月,采用焦点动物取样法,在卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区观察了鹅喉羚的昼间活动节律。共观察鹅喉羚有效个体1 917只,采集行为数据319.5 h,将鹅喉羚的行为分为采食、移动、警戒、休息和其他5种类型。结果表明:采食是各季节鹅喉羚最主要的活动类型,每天有2～3个采食高峰,一般出现在晨昏和正午,不同季节采食高峰持续时间各异;休息高峰期通常出现在采食高峰之后,其全天的活动具有明显的采食—休息—采食的活动节律。采用Kruskal-Wallis 检验分析白昼不同时段和季节间行为变化规律。结果表明:春季移动和"其他"行为,秋季雌性警戒和"其他"、雄性警戒行为,冬季雌性"其他" 行为,雄性移动、休息和"其他"行为时间在不同时间段无显著差异(p>0.05),其余行为在不同时段间差异显著(p<0.05);不同行为表现出显著的季节间差异(p<0.05)。食物资源量、环境温度和生理周期均影响鹅喉羚的活动节律。

关键词: 鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa), 活动节律, 气候环境, 有蹄类保护区, 卡拉麦里山

Abstract: The diurnal activity rhythm of Gazella subgutturosa was studied by focal-sampling in the Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve from november 2007 to november 2008. In the study 1917 individuals of G. subgutturosa were observed, and 319.5-hour activity data were collected. The activities of G. subgutturosa were categorized as foraging, moving, vigilance, rest and "others". The results show that there were two or three foraging peaks of G. subgutturosa everyday, which appeared generally in early morning, late afternoon or midday. Rest peaks appeared usually after foraging peaks, so the activity rhythm of G. subgutturosa was as the serial foraging-resting-foraging. Kruskal-Wallis tests reveal that there was no significant temporal difference in the moving and "others" in spring, vigilance and "others" of females; vigilance of males in fall, "others" of females, moving, rest and "others" of males in winter (p>0.05), but there was a significant temporal difference in other activities (p<0.05). There was also a significant seasonal difference in the activity rhythm of G. subgutturosa. The activity rhythm of G. subgutturosa was affected by the forage quality and quantity, environment temperature, and physiology cycle.

Key words: Gazella subgutturosa, activity rhythm, Climate environment, ungulate nature reserve, Kalamaili Mountain

中图分类号:

Q958.1

夏参军, 徐文轩, 杨维康, 乔建芳, 刘伟. 不同季节鹅喉羚昼间活动节律特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(3): 548-554.

XIA Can-jun, XU Wen-xuan, YANG Wei-kang, QIAO Jian-fang, LIU Wei. Diurnal Activity Rhythm of Goitred Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Different Seasons[J]. , 2011, 28(3): 548-554.

参考文献

[1] 马建章,徐利,张洪海,等.大兴安岭地区紫貂的活动节律[J].兽类学报,1999,19(2):95-100.[Ma Jianzhang,Xu Li,Zhang Honghai,et al.Activity patterns of sables (Martes zibellina) in Daxinganling Mountains,China [J].Acta Theriologica Sinica.1999,19(2):95-100.]

[2] Turner D C.An analysis of time budget by roe deer(Capreolus capreolus)in an agricultural area[J].Behaviour,1979,71:246-290.

[3] Cederlund G A.Activity patterns in moose and roe deer in a north boreal forest[J].Holarctic Ecology,1989,12:39-45.

[4] Clutton-Brock T H,Guinness F E,Albon S.Red Deer:Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1982.

[5] [Bruno E,Lovari S.Foraging behaviour of adult female Apennine [ch-amois in relation to seasonal variation in food supply [J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,1989,34:513-523.

[6] Moncorps S,Bousses P,Reales D,et al.Diurnal time budget of the moulfon (Ovis musimon) on the Kerguelen archipelago:Influence of food resources,age,and sex[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1997,75:1 828-1 834.

[7] 曾治高,宋延龄.秦岭羚牛春夏季昼夜活动节律与时间分配[J].兽类学报,2001,21(1):7-13.[Zeng Zhigao,Song Yanling.Daily activity rhythm and time budget of Golden Takin in spring and summer [J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2001,21(1):7-13.]

[8] Shi J B,Dunber R I M,Buckland D,et al.Daytime activity budgets of feral goats (Capra hircus) on the Isle of Rum:Influence of season,age,and sex[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,2003,81:803-815.

[9] 连新明,张同作,曹伊凡,等.夏季雌性藏羚昼间行为时间分配及活动节律[J].兽类学报,2007,27(1):53-57.[Lian Xinming,Zhang Tongzuo,Cao Yifan,et al.Diurnal behavioral time budgets and activity rhythm of the female Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni) in summer [J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2007,27(1):53-57.]

[10] Dulphy J P,Remond B,Theriez M.Ingestive behavior and related activities in ruminants[C] //Ruckebusch Y,Thivend P.Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants.Westport:AVI Publishing Co. Inc.,1980:103-122.

[11] Sempere A J,Brown N,Pereladova O B,et al.Comparative analysis of reproductive cycles in female Persian gazelle (Gazelle subgutturosa subgutturosa)(Central Asia) and sand gazelle (Gazelle subgutturosa marica)(Arabian Peninsula) [J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2001,121:57-65.

[12] Blank D A.Peculiarities of social and reproductive behaviour of Gazella subgutturosa in the Iliisky Valley[J].Zoologicheskii Zhurnal,1985,64:1 059-1 070.

[13] Pereladove O B,Bahloul K,Sempere A J,et al.Influence of environmental factors on a population of goitred gazelles (Gazelle subgutturosa subgutturosa Guldenstaedt,1780) in semi-wild conditions in an arid-environment:A preliminary study[J].Journal of Arid Environment,1998,39:577-591.

[14] 高行宜,许可芬,姚军,等.新疆鹅喉羚的种群结构[J].兽类学报,1996,16(1):14-18.[Gao Xingyi,Xu Kefen,Yao Jun,et al.The population structure of Goitered gazelle in Xinjiang [J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,1996,16(1):14-18.]

[15] 乔建芳,杨维康,徐文轩,等.新疆卡拉麦里山保护区鹅喉羚的社群结构[J].兽类学报,2008,28(4):353-357.[Qiao Jianfang,Yang Weikang,Xu Wenxuan,et al.Social structure of the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve,Xinjiang[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2008,28(4):353-357.]

[16] 杨维康,乔建芳,姚军,等.新疆准噶尔盆地东部鹅喉羚采食地的特征[J].兽类学报,2005,25(4):355-360.[Yang Weikang,Qiao Jianfang,Yao Jun,et al.Characteristics of foraging habitat of Goitered Gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa sairensis) in Eastern Junggar Basin,Xinjiang[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2005,25(4):355-360.]

[17] 徐文轩,乔建芳,刘伟,等.鹅喉羚生态生物学研究现状[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(2):257-262.[Xu Wenxuan,Qiao Jianfang,Liu Wei,et al.Ecology and biology of Gazella subguttrosa:Current situation of studies[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(2):257-262.]

[18] 夏参军,乔建芳,杨维康,等.冬季鹅喉羚行为时间分配及活动节律[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(2):283-287.[Xia Canjun,Qiao Jianfang,Yang Weikang,et al.Diurnal behavioral time budgets and activity rhythm of the Gazella subgutturosa sairensis in winter [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2009,28(2):283-287.]

[19] 葛炎,刘楚光,初红军,等.新疆卡拉麦里山自然保护区蒙古野驴的资源现状[J].干旱区研究,2003,20(1):32-35.[Ge Yan,Liu Chuguang,Chu Hongjun,et al.Present situation of the Equus hemionus resources in the Karamori Mountain Nature Reserve,Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2003,20(1):32-35.]

[20] 刘伟,杨维康,徐文轩.蒙古野驴的秋季食性分析[J].兽类学报,2008,28(1):33-36.[Liu Wei,Yang Weikang,Xu Wenxuan.Food habits of the Kulan (Equus hemionus) in autumn [J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2008,28(1):33-36.]

[21] 徐文轩,杨维康,乔建芳.卡拉麦里山自然保护区蒙古野驴的食性[J].兽类学报,2009,29(4):427-431.[Xu Wenxuan,Yang Weikang,Qiao Jianfang.Food habits of Kulan (Equus hemionus hemionus) in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China [J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2009,29(4):427-431.]

[22] Kingswood S C,Blank D A.Gazella subgutturosa[J].Mammalian Species,1996,518:1-10.

[23] 蒋志刚.麇鹿行为谱及PAE编码系统[J].兽类学报,2000,20(1):1-12.[Jiang Zhigang.Behavior coding and ethogram of the pere davi[d's deer[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2000,20(1):1-12.]

[24] 刘振生,王小明,李志刚,等.贺兰山岩羊不同年龄和性别昼间时间分配的季节差异[J].动物学研究,2005,26(4):350-357.[Liu Zhengsheng,Wang Xiaoming,Li Zhigang,et al.Seasonal variation of diurnal activity budgets by blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) with diferent age-sex classes in Helan Mountain [J].Zoological Research,2005,26(4):350-357.]

[25] Nielsen E T. Relation of behavioural activity rhythms to the changes of day and night:A revision of views[J].Behaviour,1984,89(3):147-173.

[26] Hudson R J.Body,energetic and adaptive radition[C] //Hudson R J,White R G.Bioenergetics of Wild Herbivores.Boca Raton:CRC Press,1985:1-24.

[27] Lickliter R E.Activity patterns and companion preferences of domestic goat kids[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1987,19:137-145.

[28] Robbins C T.Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition[M].New York:Academic Press,1983.

[29] Sorensen V A,Taylor D H.The effect of seasonalchange on the group size,group composition,and activity budgetof white-tailed deer,Odocoileus virginianus[J].Ohio Journal of Science,1995,95:321-324.

[30] Maher C R.Activity budgets and mating system of male pronghorn antelope at Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge,Nevada [J].Mammal,1991,72:739-744.

[31] Owen-Simth N.Assessing the foraging efficiency of a large herbivore,the kudu South African[J].Journal of Wildlife Research,1979,9:102-110.

[32] Defler T R.The time budget of a group of wild wooly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha)[J].International Journal of Primatology,1995,16:107-120.

[33] 李莹,徐文轩,杨维康,等.卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚生境适宜性评价[J].兽类学报,2010,30(4):11-20.[Li Ying,Xu Wenxuan,Yang Weikang,et al.Habitat suitability assessment of Gazella subgetturosa in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2010,30(1):11-20.]

[34] Launay F,Launay C.Daily activity and social organization of the Goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa marica)[J].Ungulates,1992,91:373-377.

[35] Pyke G H.Optimal foraging theory:A critical review[J].Annual Review of Ecology Systematics,1984,15:523-575.

[36] Moen A N.Wildlife Ecology:An Analytical Approach[M].San Francisco:W.H.Freeman and Company,1973.

[37] Clutton-Brock T H,Green D,Hiraiwahasegawa M,et al.Passing the buck:Resource defense,lek breeding and mate choice in fallow deer[J].Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology,1988,23:281-296.

[38] Arnold G W.Grazing Behaviour:Grazing Animals[C] //Morley F H W.World Animal Science.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1981:79-102.