中天山北坡温度廓线特征及其对大气污染的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.04

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1994-2004.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.04

中天山北坡温度廓线特征及其对大气污染的影响

刘宗会¹^,²(), 李霞¹^,²(), 程凯¹^,², 李淑婷¹^,², 牟欢³, 李火青¹^,², 钟玉婷¹^,², 毛姈·阿依提看¹^,², 夏祥鳌⁴, 傅迪松⁴

1.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
2.中国气象局阿克达拉大气本底野外科学试验基地，新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
3.新疆维吾尔自治区气象台，新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
4.中国科学院大气物理研究所中层大气和全球环境探测实验室，北京 100029

收稿日期:2025-04-22 修回日期:2025-06-26 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-12-13
通讯作者: 李霞. E-mail: susannaryy@163.com
作者简介:刘宗会（1993-），男，硕士，实习研究员，主要从事区域天气数值预报产品释用研究. E-mail: liuzh@idm.cn
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点基金项目(2024D01D33);新疆维吾尔自治区生态环境厅项目(XJXBZB-2023-0314);国家自然科学基金项目(42407140);国家自然科学基金项目(42205010);新疆气象局面上项目(MS202303);中国气象科学研究院科技发展基金项目(2021KJ034)

Temperature profile characteristics of the northern slope of the Central Tianshan Mountains with the gradient distribution of altitude and its influence on air pollution

LIU Zonghui¹^,²(), LI Xia¹^,²(), CHENG Kai¹^,², LI Shuting¹^,², MU Huan³, LI Huoqing¹^,², ZHONG Yuting¹^,², Mauren AYIKAN¹^,², XIA Xiangao⁴, FU Disong⁴

1. Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
2. Field Scientific Experiment Base of Akdala Atmospheric Background, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
3. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
4. Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2025-04-22 Revised:2025-06-26 Published:2025-11-15 Online:2025-12-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2023年11月—2024年3月在乌鲁木齐开展的大气边界层强化观测试验数据，验证了微波辐射计温度反演数据的可靠性，并探讨中天山北坡不同海拔高度下温度廓线分布特征以及不同类型逆温等对空气质量的影响。结果表明：2000 m以下微波辐射计温度廓线与探空数据的各层相关系数都超过0.94。冬季随着海拔高度的下降，市区从南到北逆温层顶底温差、逆温层厚度分别近似以2.1 ℃·（100m）^-1、186 m·（100m）^-1幅度增加。全市8:00前后逆温最强，且夜间以接地逆温为主；白天逆温逐步减弱，午后市区从南到北分别是逆温消失、脱地逆温、接地逆温状态。空气质量指数（Air quality index，AQI）由Ⅰ级向Ⅳ级上升时，不同海拔高度的逆温层厚度、顶底温差、逆温强度同步增加，其中逆温层顶底温差增幅为2~6 ℃。当AQI≥Ⅴ级时，上述逆温参数较Ⅳ级略微减小。这种变化表明在污染最为严重的阶段，可能区域传输、化学转化等因素影响突出。

关键词: 梯度分布, 温度廓线, 逆温, 大气污染, 中天山北坡

Abstract:

Urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Central Tianshan Mountains ranks among the most serious air-pollution problems in China. The impact of temperature inversion over local complex terrain on air pollution has been poorly understood for many years. Here, we derive the wintertime temperature profiles from data obtained by triplicate ground-based microwave radiometers (MWRs) deployed along an elevational transect (613-935 m above sea level) in the Urumqi Valley, Middle Tianshan Mountains, from November 2023 to March 2024. Based on concurrent radiosonde profiles and air-quality monitoring data, we verify the vertical credibility of MWR temperature retrievals, analyze the elevational dependence of the temperature inversion characteristics, and relate the temperature inversion to pollution regime. The MWR and radiosonde data are consistent below 2000 m (R>0.94) and the MWR retrievals can capture the vertical evolution of temperature stratification. In winter, the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the inversion layer and the thickness of the inversion layer in the urban area from south to north increase by 2.1 ℃ and 186 m, respectively, for each 100 m decrease in altitude. Diurnal evolution shows that nocturnal surface-based inversions dominate the valley with maximum inversion at 08:00 Beijing time (top-to-bottom temperature difference of ΔT=9.1℃; inversion layer thickness=1300 m) at low-elevation sites. Post-sunrise, southern Urumqi experiences inversion dissipation while the central and northern sections of the city experience elevated and surface-based inversions, respectively, indicating post-sunrise heterogeneity. As the air quality index (AQI) rises from grade I to grade IV, the thickness of the inversion layer, ΔT, and intensity of the temperature inversion synchronously increase at different altitudes. The ΔT increases by 2-6 ℃. At AQI of grade V or higher, the above inversion parameters slightly decrease from those at grade IV. This change indicates that temperature inversion on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains aggravates the pollution problem. The most serious stage of pollution may be contributed by additional factors such as regional transport and chemical transformation.

Key words: gradient distribution, temperature profile, temperature inversion, air pollution, the northern slope of the Central Tianshan Mountains

刘宗会, 李霞, 程凯, 李淑婷, 牟欢, 李火青, 钟玉婷, 毛姈·阿依提看, 夏祥鳌, 傅迪松. 中天山北坡温度廓线特征及其对大气污染的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(11): 1994-2004.

LIU Zonghui, LI Xia, CHENG Kai, LI Shuting, MU Huan, LI Huoqing, ZHONG Yuting, Mauren AYIKAN, XIA Xiangao, FU Disong. Temperature profile characteristics of the northern slope of the Central Tianshan Mountains with the gradient distribution of altitude and its influence on air pollution[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(11): 1994-2004.

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	地点	02:00	05:00	8:00	11:00	14:00	17:00	20:00	23:00
逆温层底高度/m	KJL	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	HST	0	0	0	175	425	300	150	0
	MD	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
逆温层顶高度/m	KJL	600	600	700	400	100	100	400	500
	HST	1050	1050	1050	1250	1500	1300	1100	1000
	MD	1300	1300	1300	1300	900	900	1100	1300
逆温层厚度/m	KJL	600	600	700	400	100	100	400	500
	HST	1050	1050	1050	1075	1075	1000	950	1000
	MD	1300	1300	1300	1300	900	900	1100	1300
逆温层顶底温差/℃	KJL	1.9	2.1	2.3	0.7	0.1	0.3	1	1.6
	HST	5.3	5.4	5.9	4.7	5.9	5	4.2	4.6
	MD	8.5	8.9	9.1	5.7	2.3	2.9	6	7.6
逆温强度/[℃·（100m）^-1]	KJL	0.32	0.35	0.33	0.18	0.10	0.30	0.25	0.32
	HST	0.50	0.51	0.56	0.44	0.55	0.50	0.44	0.46
	MD	0.65	0.68	0.70	0.44	0.26	0.32	0.55	0.58

	地点	Ⅰ级日	Ⅱ级日	Ⅲ级日	Ⅳ级日	Ⅴ~Ⅵ级日
逆温层顶高度/m	KJL	200	800	900	1000	900
	HST	100	1200	1000	1250	1000
	MD	900	1350	1350	1500	1500
逆温层厚度/m	KJL	200	800	900	1000	900
	HST	100	1000	1000	1250	1000
	MD	850	1350	1350	1500	1500
逆温层顶底温差/℃	KJL	0.4	2.6	4.8	7.8	7.5
	HST	0.9	6.0	8.8	14.3	13.2
	MD	3.9	10.2	12.1	15.5	14.6
逆温强度/[℃·（100m）^-1]	KJL	0.15	0.33	0.53	0.78	0.83
	HST	0.90	0.50	0.88	1.14	1.32
	MD	0.46	0.76	0.90	1.03	0.97

中天山北坡温度廓线特征及其对大气污染的影响

Temperature profile characteristics of the northern slope of the Central Tianshan Mountains with the gradient distribution of altitude and its influence on air pollution

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