西藏气候季节早晚和长短等级划分指标

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.01

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1797-1807.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.01 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20241101

西藏气候季节早晚和长短等级划分指标

史继清¹^,²(), 罗骕翾³, 张伟华¹, 周刊社¹(), 胡洁¹, 张东东¹, 甘臣龙⁴

1.西藏自治区气候中心，西藏拉萨 850000
2.日喀则国家气候观象台，西藏日喀则 857000
3.西藏自治区气象灾害防御技术中心，西藏拉萨 850000
4.墨竹工卡县气象局，西藏拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2024-06-03 修回日期:2024-08-09 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-11-29
通讯作者: 周刊社. E-mail: zhoukanshe@163.com
作者简介:史继清（1988-），女，硕士，副研级高级工程师，主要从事农业气象灾害研究. E-mail: shijiqing10@126.com
基金资助:
西藏自治区科技计划重点研发及转化(XZ202401ZY0065);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0106);区域创新发展联合基金重点支持项目(U23A2006);西藏自治区科技创新基地建设项目(XZ202401YD0008);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J046)

Division index of early or late and length grade in climate seasons in Xizang

SHI Jiqing¹^,²(), LUO Suxuan³, ZHANG Weihua¹, ZHOU Kanshe¹(), HU Jie¹, ZHANG Dongdong¹, GAN Chenlong⁴

1. Xizang Climate Center, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
2. Xigazê National Climate Oberservatory, Xigazê 857000, Xizang, China
3. Xizang Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
4. Maizhokunggar County Meteological Bureau, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China

Received:2024-06-03 Revised:2024-08-09 Published:2024-11-15 Online:2024-11-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了更好地了解全球气候变化背景下，高海拔地区季节变化对生态和环境的响应机制，研究西藏季节早晚和长短等级划分指标变得尤为重要。根据1981—2023年西藏地区38个气象站点气温日资料，选择四季划分气温阈值6 ℃、17 ℃、17 ℃、6 ℃，探讨气候季节早晚和长短等级划分指标及其演变规律。结果表明：（1） 38站春、夏、秋、冬四季开始日期平均出现在4月21日、6月17日、7月17日、10月17日，时间长度平均为56 d、29 d、92 d、188 d。（2）当年气候季节起止时间、时间长度整体上呈现“冬季标准差最小、夏季标准差最大”的特征。（3）气候季节起止时间、时间长度早晚等级呈现“正常等级天数>略偏早晚、偏早晚等级天数>显著早晚、异常早晚等级天数”的特点，A指标更符合早晚和长短等级划分指标的阈值。（4）西藏地区春夏季的开始日期有提前的趋势，秋冬季则有推迟的趋势。（5）春季开始日期、冬季结束日期、夏季时间长度以正常等级为主，夏秋冬季开始日期、春秋季结束日期以早等级为主，春秋季时间长度以短等级为主，冬季时间长度以长等级为主，夏季结束日期以晚等级为主。研究结果可为气候资源管理、生态环境保护、人类生产生活等提供参考。

关键词: 气候季节, 早晚和长短等级, 标准差, 演变规律, 西藏

Abstract:

To better understand the response mechanisms of seasonal changes in high-altitude areas to ecological and environmental factors amid global climate change, it is crucial to study the indicators of seasonal early or late and length grade duration classification in Xizang. In this study, we analyzed daily temperature data from 38 meteorological stations in Xizang (1981-2023) using temperature thresholds of 6 ℃, 17 ℃, 17 ℃ and 6 ℃ for four seasons, to explore the classification indices and evolution laws of seasonal early or late and length grade. The results revealed the following: (1) The average start dates for spring, summer, autumn, and winter at the 38 stations were April 21, June 17, July 17, and October 17, with average lengths of 56 d, 29 d, 92 d, and 188 d, respectively. (2) The start and end times, as well as the lengths of the climatic seasons, exhibit characteristics of minimum standard deviation in winter and maximum standard deviation in summer. (3) The start dates, end dates, and length of the climatic seasons, as well as the start and end times and length of the four seasons, showed the following patterns: Normal>slightly early (late) and early (late)>significantly early (late) and abnormally early (late). A indicator is more in line with the threshold of the classification indicators of early or late and length grade. (4) In Xizang, the onset of spring and summer trends was earlier, while autumn and winter had late trends. (5) The start date of spring, the end date of winter, and the length of summer across the 38 stations were primarily classified as normal, whereas the start dates of summer, autumn, and winter, along with the end dates of spring and autumn, were mainly categorized as early. Conversely, the lengths of spring and autumn were mainly classified as short, while winter was predominantly classified as long, and the end date of summer was primarily considered late. These findings provide valuable insights into climate resource management, ecological protection, and the overall impact on human production and life.

Key words: climate season, early or late and length grade, standard deviation, evolution law, Xizang

史继清, 罗骕翾, 张伟华, 周刊社, 胡洁, 张东东, 甘臣龙. 西藏气候季节早晚和长短等级划分指标[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(11): 1797-1807.

SHI Jiqing, LUO Suxuan, ZHANG Weihua, ZHOU Kanshe, HU Jie, ZHANG Dongdong, GAN Chenlong. Division index of early or late and length grade in climate seasons in Xizang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(11): 1797-1807.

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	气候季节等级	开始日期	结束日期	时间长度
划分指标A	异常偏早（短）	ΔD<-3α	ΔT<-3β	ΔL<-3δ
	显著偏早（短）	-3α≤ΔD<-2α	-β3≤ΔT<-2β	-3δ≤ΔL<-2δ
	偏早（短）	-2α≤ΔD<-α	-2β≤ΔT<-β	-2δ≤ΔL<-δ
	略偏早（短）	-α≤ΔD<-1/2α	-β≤ΔT<-1/2β	-δ≤ΔL<-1/2δ
	正常	-1/2α≤ΔD<1/2α	-1/2β≤ΔT<1/2β	-1/2δ≤ΔL<1/2δ
	略偏晚（长）	1/2α≤ΔD<α	1/2β≤ΔT<β	1/2δ≤ΔL<δ
	偏晚（长）	α≤ΔD<2α	β≤ΔT<2β	δ≤ΔL<2δ
	显著偏晚（长）	2α≤ΔD≤3α	2β≤ΔT≤3β	2δ≤ΔL≤3δ
	异常偏晚（长）	ΔD>3α	ΔT>3β	ΔL>3δ
划分指标B	异常偏早（短）	ΔD<-2α	ΔT<-2β	ΔL<-2δ
	显著偏早（短）	-2α≤ΔD<-3/2α	-2β≤ΔT<-3/2β	-2δ≤ΔL<-3/2δ
	偏早（短）	-3/2α≤ΔD<-α	-3/2β≤ΔT<-β	-3/2δ≤ΔL<-δ
	略偏早（短）	-α≤ΔD<-1/2α	-β≤ΔT<-1/2β	-δ≤ΔL<-1/2δ
	正常	-1/2α≤ΔD<1/2α	-1/2β≤ΔT<1/2β	-1/2δ≤ΔL<1/2δ
	略偏晚（长）	1/2α≤ΔD<α	1/2β≤ΔT<β	1/2δ≤ΔL<δ
	偏晚（长）	α≤ΔD<3/2α	β≤ΔT<3/2β	δ≤ΔL<3/2δ
	显著偏晚（长）	3/2α≤ΔD≤2α	3/2β≤ΔT≤2β	3/2δ≤ΔL≤2δ
	异常偏晚（长）	ΔD>2α	ΔT>2β	ΔL>2δ

西藏气候季节早晚和长短等级划分指标

Division index of early or late and length grade in climate seasons in Xizang

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季节	“等级5”频率/%						“等级7”频率/%
	A指标			B指标			A指标			B指标
	开始日期	结束日期	时间长度	开始日期	结束日期	时间长度	开始日期	结束日期	时间长度	开始日期	结束日期	时间长度
春季	93	92	90	84	81	79	99	99	99	93	92	90
夏季	84	74	87	76	68	79	87	87	97	84	74	87
秋季	89	90	89	79	81	78	98	97	98	89	90	89
冬季	91	94	90	82	84	79	97	99	97	91	94	90

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