定量评估黑河流域4种下垫面类型对地表温度的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.01.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文利用黑河流域4个不同土地覆盖类型站点（分别为沙漠、玉米地、果园和蔬菜地）的微气象观测数据，分析非沙漠下垫面相比沙漠的冷却作用，对直接分解温度理论（Direct Decomposed Temperature Metric，DTM）和内在生物物理理论（Intrinsic Biophysical Mechanism，IBPM）进行能量闭合订正，对比两种理论的定量结果并研究干旱地区4种下垫面类型对地表温度的生物物理效应。在进行能量闭合订正之后，DTM理论与IBPM理论的计算结果都更加符合观测结果，尤其是夜间。订正后的IBPM方法计算出的温度差和观测的温度差更接近。IBPM理论结果表明与能量再分配有关的非辐射效应在白天发挥了非常重要的作用，空气动力学粗糙度（平均-4.97 K）和波文比项（平均-2.43 K）均可产生冷却作用，甚至超过了辐射效应（平均+5.21 K），DTM也有类似的结果。夜间直接生物物理效应比白天要弱，间接影响（环境背景差异）甚至可以超过直接影响。

关键词: 下垫面类型, 生物物理效应, 定量评估方法, 能量闭合订正

Abstract:

Micrometeorological observations at four sites in the Heihe River basin from June to September 2012 are used to evaluate the direct decomposed temperature metric (DTM) theory and the intrinsic biophysical mechanism (IBPM), as well as to investigate the biophysical effects of land use and land cover change on surface temperature. Through the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) project, the four sites were outfitted with Eddy Covariance Systems and other conventional weather instruments. The desert has the highest land surface temperature both daytime and nighttime. Compared to the desert site, the non-desert sites have average surface cooling effects of -17.8 K and -1.8 K during daytime and nighttime. Both the DTM and IBPM theories are founded on the surface energy balance equation; however, the energy balance ratios at the four sites range between 80% and 90% during the day and less than 30% at night. To revise the two theories, we distribute the imbalance term to the sensible and latent heat fluxes in proportion to the Bowen ratio. The biophysical effects of different types of land on surface temperature are then investigated by comparing the quantitative results of the two revised theories. The calculated surface temperature of DTM theory and IBPM theory agrees well with the observed results after forcing the energy balance closure to the fluxes, especially at night. The revised IBPM theory matches the observed results better than the revised DTM theory. The revised IBPM results show that the non-radiative effect related to the partitioning of available energy plays a significant role in the daytime cooling effect of non-desert sites. Changes in aerodynamic roughness (mean -4.97 K) and Bowen ratio (mean -2.43 K) both contribute a cooling signal during the day, and these cooling effects even outweigh the warming effects of the radiation term (mean +5.21 K). At night, the direct biophysical effects are weaker than during the day, and the indirect effects of the atmospheric background can even offset the direct biophysical effects.

Key words: underlying surface type, biophysical effects, quantitative evaluation method, energy closure correction

李尔晨, 张羽, 苑广辉. 定量评估黑河流域4种下垫面类型对地表温度的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(1): 30-38.

LI Erchen, ZHANG Yu, YUAN Guanghui. Quantify the impacts of four land cover types on surface temperature in the Heihe River Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 30-38.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

订正前后IBPM和DTM与观测地表温差的对比"

	玉米	果园	蔬菜
$? T s$ （观测）	-1.68	-2.82	-1.24
$? T s$ （IBPM）- $? T s （观测）$	-0.68	3.9	1.59
$? T s$ （订正后 IBPM）- $? T s （观测）$	0.09	0.35	0.18
$? T s$ （DTM）- $? T s （观测）$	0.87	3.44	1.79
$? T s$ （订正后 DTM）- $? T s （观测）$	-2.28	1.71	0.25

表1

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