1961—2013年祁连山区冰川年物质平衡重建

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.04

Abstract

Abstract:

Glacier mass balance is the most direct and reliable indicator of climate change. Its dynamic change likely alters the ice storage and runoff of glaciers. Most glaciers in the world have retreated because of global warming, and this phenomenon has been accelerating for the last 20 years. The glacier area in the Qilian Mountains is the “wet island” of the arid and semiarid regions of the Qaidam Basin and the Hexi Corridor. In these parts, the main replenishing areas of water resources are abundant glacier and precipitation resources, which provide abundant and stable water resources for the economic development of these regions. Glacier melt water accounts for 25%-60% of the river runoff in the inland river basins of northwest China. As such, changes in mass balance in the Qilian Mountains should be monitored and estimated to develop scientific and reasonable measures and implementation programs under the influence of cryospheric changes in western China and to establish risk control and policy regulations. In this study, a distributed degree-day model with radiation terms was used to reconstruct the glacial mass balance from 1961 to 2013 at the watershed scale of the Qilian Mountains. Input data included the second glacial catalog data set of China, precipitation data from the National Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Science Data Center, and temperature data from weather stations and digital elevation models. The degree-day factor was obtained from existing monitoring report on glaciers. Changes in the glacier mass balance in the Qilian Mountains could be divided into two stages in 1995. The glacier mass balance exhibited alternate changes between positive and negative values, and such variations were relatively small from 1961 to 1995. The amounts of glacier melting and accumulation were basically the same. Glacier melting intensified rapidly from 1996 to 2013. The mass balance remained negative, and the average mass balance was (-0.54±0.13)m w.e.·a^-1 mainly because the annual increase in the positive accumulated temperature led to the accelerated melting of glaciers. The cumulative mass balance of glaciers in the Qilian Mountains from 1961 to 2013 was (-12.76±4.24)m w.e., the glacier melting rates in the middle and eastern parts of the Qilian Mountains were higher than that in the western part.

Key words: Qilian Mountains, watershed, glacier mass balance, reconstruction

WANG Lihui,QIN Xiang,CHEN Jizu,ZHANG Dongwei,LIU Yushuo,LI Yanzhao,JIN Zizhen. Reconstruction of the glacier mass balance in the Qilian Mountains from 1961 to 2013[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1524-1533.

Figures/Tables 12

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References 45

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站点	纬度（N）	经度（E）	海拔/m	流域
玉门	40°16′12″	97°1′47″	1527	疏勒河
野牛沟	38°25′12″	99°34′48″	3320	黑河、青海湖
乌鞘岭	37°12′	102°52′12″	3044	石羊河
大柴旦	37°51′	95°22′12"	3174	哈拉湖、巴音郭勒河、鱼卡-塔塔棱、哈尔腾河
酒泉	39°46′12"	98°28′48"	1478	北大河
门源	37°22′48"	101°37′12"	2851	大通河
冷湖	38°45′	93°19′48"	2770	党河

	流域	递减率
度日因子	疏勒河流域与其他流域	-0.0293Ele+147.97
度日因子	北大河流域	-0.0309Ele+147.97
正积温	中段（青海湖和黑河流域）	-1.02 ℃·m^-1
	东段（石羊河流域和大通河流域）	-1.15 ℃· m^-1
	西段（其他流域）	-1.08 ℃· m^-1

流域	降水变化率 /(mm·a^-1)	正积温变化率 /(℃·a^-1)	物质平衡变化率 /(mm w.e.·a^-1)
疏勒河	2.12	1.76	-17.0
青海湖	2.20	1.99	-16.3
鱼卡塔塔棱	2.04	4.58	-3.9
哈拉湖	2.09	5.30	-15.5
黑河	1.89	0.64	-12.1
巴音郭勒河	1.88	7.71	-24.9
党河	2.19	1.63	-7.0
北大河	1.99	3.75	-16.7
哈尔腾河	2.13	5.68	-12.2
石羊河	1.45	0.97	-20.9
大通河	1.38	1.16	-19.3
祁连山	1.94	3.20	-14.9

Reconstruction of the glacier mass balance in the Qilian Mountains from 1961 to 2013

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