新疆冬小麦不同产量群体冠层光截获与干物质分布特性分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.29

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception, dry matter distribution, and the yield of winter wheat at different yield levels were studied to provide a theoretical basis for narrowing the yield gap, improving the utilization of light energy resources, and high-yield cultivation of winter wheat in the Xinjiang province. This experiment was conducted in Junhu and Qitai regions from 2018 to 2019. The main varieties planted in the region were used as experimental materials, and the integrated management model was adopted to simulate the four yield levels, namely, super high (SH: ≥9000 kg·hm^-2), high (HH: 7500-9000 kg·hm^-2), peasant household (FP: 6000-7500 kg·hm^-2), and basic yields (CK: ≤4500 kg·hm^-2). The characteristics of light interception, dry matter accumulation, and distribution in the upper, middle, and lower canopies of winter wheat at the four yield levels were studied, and the correlation between them and yield composition was analyzed to explore ways of increasing yield. The results showed that the population with a high-yield level could still maintain a high leaf-area index (LAI) during its grouting stage. With production level increased, PAR interception rate and volume in the upper, middle, and lower layers of the canopy all increased, and the overall performance was greater in the upper than in the middle layer, presenting a vertical distribution characteristic of “strong at the top and weak at the bottom.” The variation trend of PAR transmittance was opposite. Dry matter accumulation in the middle layer was lower than in the upper and lower layers, and dry matter increase in the upper layer was greater than in the middle and lower layers, with an increase in yield level. The dry matter accumulation in the upper, middle, and lower layers was significantly correlated with the PAR interception rate, and the correlation coefficient with grain yield was 0.97, 0.90, and 0.78, respectively. Therefore, maintaining high LAI, increasing PAR interception, and increasing dry matter accumulation after flowering are approaches to achieving increased wheat yield and reduced yield difference.

Key words: winter wheat, photosynthetically active radiation, light interception, dry matter, yield, Xinjiang

WANG Lihong,ZHANG Hongzhi,LI Jianfeng,WANG Zhong,GAO Xin,SHI Jia,ZHANG Yueqiang,FAN Zheru,ZHAO Qi. Analysis of canopy light interception and dry matter distribution characteristics of different winter wheat yield groups in Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 275-282.

Figures/Tables 7

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Fig. 1

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References 18

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试验区	处理	有机质/（g·kg^-1）	全氮/（g·kg^-1）	全磷/（g·kg^-1）	全钾/（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮/（mg·kg^-1）	速效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾/（mg·kg^-1）
军户	SH	14.044	0.839	0.924	21.648	50.858	16.371	153
	HH	12.273	0.827	0.926	21.725	44.018	14.819	132
	FP	11.352	0.807	1.004	22.078	43.311	14.262	136
	CK	10.499	0.738	0.906	22.672	35.250	7.208	125
奇台	SH	33.100	1.747	1.448	18.787	81.367	8.183	365
	HH	30.198	1.729	1.451	19.566	89.778	24.130	327
	FP	29.962	1.673	1.481	20.371	145.735	15.147	331
	CK	17.094	1.637	1.414	18.871	82.074	6.939	282

试验区	处理	基肥	返青期（春3叶）	起身期（春4叶）	拔节期（第一节1.5~2 cm）		孕穗期（旗叶展开）		灌浆期（开花后10~12 d）	灌浆期（间隔8~10 d）
试验区	处理	有机肥+二胺/(kg·hm^-2)	尿素+硫酸钾/(kg·hm^-2)				尿素+磷酸二氢钾/(kg·hm^-2)
军户	SH	7500+375	90+0	90+0	150+30	90+30	90+0	90+0	75+30	0+15	0+15
	HH	3000+300	75+0	75+0	90+30	75+15	75+0	75+0	60+30	0+15	-
	FP	1500+225	45+0	45+0	75+30	45+0	45+0	45+0	45+30	0+15	-
	CK	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
奇台	SH	7500+375	-	90+0	150+30	90+30	90+0	75+0	45+30	0+15	-
	HH	3000+300	-	75+0	90+30	75+15	75+0	60+0	45+30	0+15	-
	FP	1500+225	-	45+0	75+30	45+0	45+0	45+0	45+30	0+15	-
	CK	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

试验区	处理	收获穗数/(10⁴穗·hm^-2)	穗粒数	千粒重/g	籽粒产量/(kg·hm^-2)
军户	SH	535.67 ±43.88a	42.18±1.79a	52.39±0.69a	9342.80±823.22a
	HH	502.00±33.15ab	38.55±1.75b	52.44±0.39a	8137.20±453.53b
	FP	494.33±25.11ab	33.45±3.19c	48.09±3.03b	6860.20±515.24c
	CK	474.00±14.48b	19.07±3.38d	44.48±1.28c	2719.40±563.69d
奇台	SH	522.75±45.81a	40.80±3.74a	47.58±0.30b	9003.81±788.97a
	HH	468.25±16.86b	37.40±3.81b	48.82±0.59a	7869.54±283.35b
	FP	422.75±14.57b	36.20±3.05b	46.35±1.09c	6029.65±207.79c
	CK	335.50±36.24c	17.60±1.78c	45.77±0.43c	2558.47±276.40d

指标	试验区	处理	上层	中层	下层	总冠层
CaR/%	军户	SH	62.23±6.37a	26.51±6.09ab	5.18±0.97a	93.93±0.87a
		HH	36.69±12.60b	34.34±8.49a	19.78±5.72a	90.82±2.11a
		FP	31.22±17.19b	36.71±13.95a	17.13±15.79a	85.05±10.47a
		CK	19.11±14.47b	16.36±4.82b	16.45±15.02a	51.92±11.56b
	奇台	SH	68.72±4.11a	12.33±5.3 a	6.82±5.21a	87.86±4.27a
		HH	43.94±0.34b	15.81±2.05a	15.37±3.72a	75.12±2.02a
		FP	34.35±5.39bc	14.90±0.57a	5.86±3.58a	55.11±1.23b
		CK	29.56±6.54c	1.59±0.63b	12.07±8.30a	43.22±9.39b
PeR/%	军户	SH	34.66±7.37b	19.96±0.80c	6.29±9.25a	1.48±0.44c
		HH	63.31±12.60a	45.89±7.96b	15.46±20.38a	9.18±2.11bc
		FP	68.78±17.19a	45.19±18.94b	19.40±18.27a	14.95±10.47b
		CK	80.89±14.47a	79.55±5.29a	22.87±37.80a	48.08±11.56a
	奇台	SH	31.28±4.11c	59.11±22.55b	66.76±10.87a	12.14±4.27b
		HH	56.06±0.34b	71.81±3.48ab	61.98±7.64a	24.88±2.02b
		FP	65.65±5.39ab	77.27±0.99ab	79.43±19.15a	44.89±1.23a
		CK	70.44±6.54a	97.77±0.69a	83.36±20.79a	56.78±9.39a
IPAR/(MJ·m^-2)	军户	SH	4.82±0.49a	2.05±0.47ab	0.40±0.07a	7.28±0.07a
		HH	2.86±0.98b	2.68±0.67a	1.54±0.44a	7.07±0.20a
		FP	2.43±1.49b	2.87±1.22a	1.23±1.02a	6.54±1.08a
		CK	1.57±1.18b	1.35±0.39b	1.37±1.25a	4.30±0.95b
	奇台	SH	5.62±0.33a	1.01±0.44a	0.56±0.43a	7.19±0.34a
		HH	3.60±0.03b	1.30±0.17a	1.26±0.31a	6.15±0.17a
		FP	2.82±0.45bc	1.22±0.05a	0.48±0.29a	4.53±0.11b
		CK	1.43±0.54c	1.13±0.05a	0.99±1.26a	3.55±0.77b

试验区	处理	上层干物质/（g·m^-2）	中层干物质/（g·m^-2）	下层干物质/（g·m^-2）	干物质总和/（g·m^-2）
军户	SH	622.58±53.75a	501.95±27.88a	651.42±25.16a	1775.95±106.95a
	HH	500.39±14.43b	452.46±27.70a	594.97±24.15a	1547.82±80.31b
	FP	382.48± 9.00c	379.23±27.38b	590.91±24.45a	1352.61±60.83b
	CK	235.63±23.59d	234.56±2.94c	363.53±16.42b	833.72±42.95c
奇台	SH	561.28± 9.89a	391.70± 5.39a	489.08± 2.41a	1442.06±17.69a
	HH	459.58± 5.46b	333.71± 1.40b	401.24± 2.32b	1194.54±9.18b
	FP	318.75± 3.75c	256.16± 6.51c	303.12± 3.80c	878.04±14.06c
	CK	178.84±14.55d	125.89± 3.00d	168.71± 0.16d	473.43±11.72d

Analysis of canopy light interception and dry matter distribution characteristics of different winter wheat yield groups in Xinjiang

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指标	上层干物质/（g·m^-2）	中层干物质/（g·m^-2）	下层干物质/（g·m^-2）	总干物质/（g·m^-2）	开花期LAI
收获穗数/(10⁴穗·hm^-2)	0.83^**	0.90^**	0.91^**	0.91^**	0.83^**
穗粒数	0.91^**	0.85^**	0.71^*	0.85^**	0.90^**
千粒重/g	0.81^**	0.87^**	0.79^*	0.85^**	0.67^*
籽粒产量/(kg·hm^-2)	0.97^**	0.90^**	0.78^*	0.91^**	0.96^**
开花期LAI	0.97^**	0.87^**	0.76^*	0.89^**	-
CaR总层/%	0.93^**	0.97^**	0.94^**	0.98^**	0.91^**
PeR总层/%	-0.94^**	-0.98^**	-0.95^**	-0.99^**	-0.91^**
IPAR总层/(MJ·m^-2)	0.95^**	0.96^**	0.91^**	0.97^**	0.94^**

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