Abstract: The research about water consumption and industrial structure along the “Belt and Road” is of great significance for the regional development.In this paper,the geographical concentration ratios of water consumption and GDP of different industries in the regions along the “Belt and Road” were analyzed using the HerfindahlHirschman Index based on studying the regionalization of main water resources areas and the water consumption along the “Belt and Road”,and the values of water consumption structure index and the industrial structure index were calculated.The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient were used to study the matching degree of water consumption and GDP in the regions along the “Belt and Road” and to calculate the matching degree based on the data sequence of water consumption and GDP in different regions.The results are as follows: ① The geographical concentration ratios of water consumption and GDP in the primary industry in the regions along the “Belt and Road” were the highest among the three major industries,which was caused by the high water consumption and GDP in the developing regions,such as East Asia,West Asia,South Asia and Southeast Asia;② The proportions of water consumption and GDP in different regions were in an order of primary industry > tertiary industry > secondary industry; ③ Along the “Belt and Road”,the matching degree of water consumption and GDP of tertiary industry was the lowest,especially in South Asia.The research results are of significance to systematically understand the basic situation of water consumption and industrial structure in the regions along the “Belt and Road” and to provide a guidance for further analyzing the relationship between water resources and economic and social development.

Key words: the “Belt and Road”, water resources regionalization, water consumption, industrial structure, analysis and compare