雅鲁藏布江中游风沙区典型下垫面空气动力学参数研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.01

Abstract

Abstract:

Aerodynamic parameters are an important research focus in the study of aeolian areas. Some of the most severe aeolian damage occurs along the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet. The floodplains and shifting sand dunes are the main surface types and source areas of wind-sand degradation in this region. The study of aerodynamic parameters is conducive to the assessment of aeolian damage and the forecasting of sandstorms. For this reason, we examined aeolian processes in three surface types: river floodplain vegetation area (vegetation coverage > 20%), disturbed river floodplain vegetation area (vegetation coverage < 20%), and sand dune area (without any vegetation). The wind speed profile method was used to calculate the frictional wind speed (u_*) and aerodynamic roughness (z₀). The results showed the following: (1) The wind speed reduction amplitude near the ground layer was in the following order: vegetation area > disturbed vegetation area > sand dune area, and the wind speed reduction near the ground layer in the vegetation area was nearly twice that of the sand dune. (2) Although the near-surface wind speed profiles of different underlying surfaces can be expressed as log-linear functions (u_z = bln(z) + a), the fitting parameters are different. (3) The averaged values of u_* in the vegetation area, disturbed vegetation area, and sand dunes are 0.73, 0.59, and 0.36 m·s^-1, respectively, and the averaged values of z₀ are 7.1 × 10^-2, 3.7 × 10^-2, and 4.7 × 10^-4 m, respectively. The u_* and z₀ of the vegetation area are approximately 2 and 150 times those of the sand dunes, respectively. (4) The u_* of the vegetation area, disturbed vegetation area, and sand dunes all increased with increasing averaged wind speed, and the increase in amplitude is in the following order: vegetation area > disturbed vegetation area > sand dunes. (5) The responses of z₀ to the average wind speed in the vegetation zone and the sand dunes are clearly different. The z₀ of the vegetation area increased slowly with the increase in wind speed. The value of z₀ in the sand dunes area has a decreasing trend at low wind speeds but begins to increase when the wind speed increases to a threshold value of 6.5 m·s^-1.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo River, wind speed profile, friction velocity, aerodynamics, roughness length

ZHANG Zhengcai,ZHANG Yan,MA Pengfei,PAN Kaijia,ZHA Duo,Yixi Lamu,Renqing Sangbu. Aerodynamic parameters of typical underlying surfaces in an aeolian region in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 997-1005.

Figures/Tables 9

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高度/cm	S1风速/(m·s^-1)	降幅/%	S2风速/(m·s^-1)	降幅/%	高度/cm	C1风速/(m·s^-1)	降幅/%	C2风速/(m·s^-1)	降幅/%
180	6.43±2.19	31	6.36±2.27	30	170	8.12±1.61	7	7.77±1.67	6
90	4.44±1.97	36	4.45±2.05	32	80	7.59±1.44	9	7.30±1.62	16
40	2.86±1.47	45	3.02±1.35	29	30	6.88±1.27	12	6.12±1.51	5
20	1.56±0.98	58	2.15±1.18	31	10	6.07±1.08	21	5.83±1.27	21
8	0.65±0.37	89	1.49±0.79	77	5	4.80±0.78	40	4.58±1.07	41

地点	海拔/m	c	d	R²	RMSE
塔中^[31]	1099	0.23	0.88	0.98	0.04
敦煌沙漠^[32]	1139	0.16	0.92	0.99	0.08
库布齐风电场^[33]	1200	0.13	0.93	0.99	0.03
巴丹吉林拐子湖^[34]	1390	0.12	0.94	0.98	0.06
中卫风沙观测场^[35]	1650	0.11	0.94	0.98	0.05
昌果	3650	0.11	0.96	0.99	0.18

Aerodynamic parameters of typical underlying surfaces in an aeolian region in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

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