Abstract: In this paper, the distribution regularities of different organic phosphorus components of aggregates in brown desert soil cultivated for 10-14 years in three counties in south Xinjiang were researched. The drysievetest was used to grade the soil aggregates, BowmanCole method was used to grade the organic phosphorus rating, and improvement method was used to measure the organic phosphorus components in different aggregates. The results revealed that the organic phosphorus components decreased with the increase of particle size of brown desert soil cultivated for 10-14 years in three counties in south Xinjiang. The organic phosphorous was in an order of highstable organic phosphorus>activity organic phosphorus>moderately active organic phosphorus>moderately stable organic phosphorus. However, the variation of organic phosphorus was different from different land use patterns. Highly stable organic phosphorus was dominant in the total organic phosphorus in brown desert soil cultivated for 10-14 years in the three counties in south Xinjiang, and its proportion accounted for over 50%. The difference of organic phosphorus components among different aggregates was significant.