雅鲁藏布江中下游宽谷风蚀区风沙运移

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.10

Abstract

Abstract:

The wide valley wind erosion area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River is one of the areas with the most frequent wind-sand activities in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the sand emission law of different underlying surface in this area during the wind-sand season for windbreak and sand fixation and sustainable development of the ecological environment. In this study, four typical underlying surfaces in the Linzhi section of the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin were identified. The characteristics of wind-sand transport on different underlying surfaces were systematically revealed through simultaneous observation of the gradient anemometer and multichannel sand sampler. The main findings are summarized as follows. (1) Affected by the surface vegetation, the near-surface wind speed profile conforms to the logarithmic function; however, the parameters are significantly different. (2) The sediment particle size is spatially differentiated. The proportion of silt in the mobile sand land of the river beach (37.93%) was significantly higher than that of the other underlying surfaces, whereas the riparian sand land was dominated by fine-medium sand (83.49%). (3) The sand transport process has significant underlying surface dependence, and the wind-sand flow structure conforms to the exponential-power function composite model. (4) The order of sand transport per unit area in the wind-sand season is riparian sandy land (96.16 t·d^-1)>foothill sandy land (77.65 t·d^-1)> beach sandy land (69.87 t·d^-1)>sparse forest land (5.23 t·d^-1).

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo River, wind speed profile, wind-sand flow structure, sediment discharge

LIU Hao, GONG Hang, DING Guodong. Characteristics of wind-sand transport in wide valley wind erosion area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(9): 1660-1670.

Figures/Tables 11

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下垫面种类	下垫面特征	地表沉积物平均粒径/mm
河漫滩流动沙地	风沙活动频繁，植被盖度<5%，地形平坦，枯水期裸露	0.07
河岸流动沙地	沙丘广布，形成较为密集的新月形、横向、纵向等形态沙丘	0.18
山麓流动沙地	植被盖度<5%，由于风沙运动形成的爬升沙丘，边界与乔木林接壤	0.12
疏林半流动沙地	植被盖度5%~10%，沙丘基部形成旱柳乔木林，胸径10 cm，冠幅150 cm	0.13

下垫面	20 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	50 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	100 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	150 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	200 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	降幅/%	主风向及频率/%
河漫滩流动沙地	7.3	8.4	9.8	12.4	13.6	46.32	NNE、NE、ENE 41.93
	8.5	10.3	11.5	11.2	12.4	31.45
	5.6	7.3	7.8	9.8	10.5	46.67
	6.6	7.5	8.5	8.7	9.4	29.79
	5.6	7.3	7.1	7.0	8.5	34.12
	6.1	6.1	5.7	6.4	6.6	13.64
	4.5	4.7	4.7	5.4	5.4	16.67
河岸流动沙地	10.1	9.6	10.6	10.8	11.5	16.52	NE、ENE、N、 NNE 73.33
	8.9	9.6	9.9	10.3	10.6	16.03
	8.9	8.9	8.9	9.8	9.6	7.87
	4.3	5.2	7.1	8.5	8.5	49.41
	4.7	4.7	4.5	6.4	6.4	26.56
	4.9	4.9	3.8	5.6	5.6	14.29
山麓流动沙地	3.1	8.5	8.0	11.3	14.0	77.86	NNE、NE、ENE 54.84
	2.9	2.8	12.4	9.8	10.6	77.41
	5.0	5.0	7.7	8.0	8.7	42.52
	5.2	2.8	5.0	5.5	6.4	56.52
	3.5	4.7	5.6	6.0	5.6	41.67
疏林半流动沙地	1.5	2.8	4.2	5.7	6.8	77.94	S、SSE、E、ESE 90.33
	1.0	2.2	3.6	5.4	5.6	82.14
	1.5	2.6	3.5	3.5	4.5	66.67
	0.3	1.0	1.2	1.9	3.5	91.43

下垫面类型	风速/（m·s^-1）	拟合参数b	拟合参数a	R²
河漫滩流动沙地	4.5	1.00	0.71	0.90
	6.5	2.16	0.74	0.91
	8.5	-0.21	1.38	0.90
	10.5	-1.32	1.99	0.96
河岸流动沙地	4.5	2.34	0.43	0.91
	6.5	-1.26	1.40	0.95
	8.5	-1.14	1.73	0.95
	10.5	6.78	0.75	0.97
疏林半流动沙地	4.5	-2.08	1.19	0.95
疏林半流动沙地	6.5	-5.64	2.26	0.95
山麓流动沙地	4.5	-3.38	1.56	0.93
	6.5	-4.23	1.71	0.95
	8.5	-1.71	1.93	0.95
	10.5	0.51	1.48	0.91

下垫面类型	平均风速/（m·s^-1）	拟合参数c	拟合参数d	R²	拟合参数e	拟合参数f	R²
山麓流动沙地	6	25.32	0.71	0.85	24.37	0.24	0.87
山麓流动沙地	8	17.61	0.92	0.93	26.52	0.36	0.89
河岸流动沙地	6	17.62	0.81	0.93	20.01	0.23	0.92
河岸流动沙地	8	25.21	0.90	0.91	28.01	0.21	0.93
河漫滩流动沙地	6	23.31	0.54	0.93	25.32	0.31	0.90
河漫滩流动沙地	8	18.51	0.89	0.80	36.59	0.37	0.95
疏林半流动沙地	6	20.18	0.01	0.96
疏林半流动沙地	8	41.33	0.16	0.97

Characteristics of wind-sand transport in wide valley wind erosion area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

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