玛曲高寒草甸风沙环境与沙化类型研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.17

Abstract

Abstract:

Alpine meadow desertification in Maqu County is a typical case of desertification in the alpine and humid regions of China. The causes, trends, and management of desertification have received considerable attention; however, due to the limitations of research methods and other factors, the precise positioning of sand sources is still unclear. Here, we combined a three-dimensional laser scanner with traditional methods, such as field surveys and indoor analysis, to locate sand sources accurately from a morphological perspective. The results showed that the regional annual sand drift potential was 164.34 VU, synthetic sand transport potential was 91.57 VU, synthetic sand transport direction was 132.37°, and wind direction variability was 0.56, which belonged to a medium-ratio low wind energy environment. According to the complexity of the contribution of regional sand material, this paper further subdivides the sandy zone along the Yellow River into two types: blowout desertification and complex desertification. The blowout desertification was characterized by isolated sand dunes with a slightly smaller area and wind erosion blowout in the upwind direction. The long axis direction was highly consistent with the regional main wind direction, the length ratio of the wind erosion area and sand accumulation area, volume and other morphological parameters, and the special diagnosis of sand material particle size. The desertification process was relatively simple. Also, the sand material mainly came from wind erosion blowout. The complex desertification area was larger than the blowout desertification area. The causes of desertification include dune activation, regional wind erosion, thermal melt slump. The sources of dune material include surrounding activated dunes, wind erosion land, desertified grassland. Compared with the former, the sand source of complex desertification was relatively wide, and the desertification process was complex and diverse. In modern desertification, the wind-eroded depressions around the region were still the main contributors of sand accumulation in the complex desertification type. At the same time, the Yellow River also provides some amount of sand material for regional desertification.

Key words: Maqu country, alpine meadow, 3-D laser scanner, sandy desertification, morphology

AN Zhishan,SHI Boyuan,TAN Lihai,ZHANG Kai,ZHANG Kecun. Sand environment and type during sandy desertification of an alpine meadow[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 1058-1064.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 19

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月份	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	全年
平均风速	2.24	2.74	2.75	3.05	3.06	2.54	2.2	2.03	1.95	1.78	2.19	2.27	2.4
>5 m·s^-1	7.13	7.74	6.62	6.73	6.42	6.2	5.91	6.26	5.85	5.85	6.62	7.48	6.57

类型	编号	粒径/mm
类型	编号	粗沙 0.5~1	中沙 0.25~0.5	细沙 0.125~0.25	极细沙 0.063~0.125	粉沙 0.002~0.063	黏土 <0.002
积沙区	1号	0.59	23.63	50.65	18.62	5.27		1.25
	2号	0.95	27.20	50.35	14.94	5.16		1.39
	3号	1.27	27.56	46.48	16.14	7.11		1.44
	4号	1.67	24.83	48.92	19.15	4.52		0.91
风蚀坑	1号	0.00	15.20	51.26	25.33	6.97		1.24
	2号	0.61	20.27	51.00	21.69	5.33		1.10
	3号	0.22	15.88	45.87	26.04	10.00		2.00
	4号	0.00	10.86	42.57	33.47	12.22		0.87

位置	粒径/mm
位置	粗沙 0.5~1	中沙 0.25~0.5	细沙 0.125~0.25	极细沙 0.063~0.125	粉沙 0.002~0.063	黏土 <0.002
河床	22.90	51.25	11.78	4.18	8.97	0.92
河漫滩	4.36	40.81	37.98	9.60	6.98	0.27
I级阶地	2.98	37.19	38.15	8.88	10.70	2.10
II级阶地	0.04	11.09	34.03	30.14	23.17	1.53

位置	平均粒径/μm	分选系数	分选性	偏度		峰度
河床	329.35	1.21	较差	0.45	极正偏	2.21	较窄
河漫滩	222.28	0.93	中等	0.27	正偏	1.31	窄
I级阶地	195.87	1.46	较差	0.46	极正偏	2.28	较窄
II级阶地	105.62	1.31	较差	0.29	正偏	1.31	窄

Sand environment and type during sandy desertification of an alpine meadow

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