3类典型株型草本植物对沙面风蚀抑制作用的研究
收稿日期: 2022-04-02
修回日期: 2022-04-26
网络出版日期: 2022-10-25
基金资助
中国科学院A类战略性科技先导专项子课题(XDA20030202);国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2017YFE0109200);中国科学院关键技术人才项目(2018);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2019I013);草原生态修复治理补助监测及科技支撑项目(XJCYZZ202006)
Study on wind erosion inhibition of three typical herbaceous plants on sand surface
Received date: 2022-04-02
Revised date: 2022-04-26
Online published: 2022-10-25
植物自身具有维持生境稳定性的独特功能,而植物株型为主要作用要素之一。研究不同株型草本植物在沙质荒漠地区的地面抗风蚀作用,可以为制定生态恢复措施提供重要的科学参考。通过风洞实验,对3种植物株型（匍匐状、球状、丛状）的草本植物在5种覆盖度（25%、30%、35%、40%和45%）条件下的沙面风蚀率进行了测定,并分析了各株型的风蚀抑制率。结果表明：（1） 3种株型草本植物随覆盖度增加,空气动力学粗糙度和对风速的削减均逐步增加。在覆盖度较低时,不同植物株型之间的风蚀抑制率差异较大,球状和匍匐状植物株型固沙能力相对较高,而丛状植物株型固沙能力相对较低;较高风蚀抑制效率植物株型可以达到较低风蚀抑制效率植物株型在较高覆盖度条件下的固沙效果。（2） 在覆盖度30%时,匍匐状和球状植物的风蚀抑制效率分别为47.55%、55.70%,分别接近丛状植物覆盖度40%（48.46%）和45%（56.94%）的风蚀抑制效率。（3） 3种株型草本植物的风蚀抑制效率均随覆盖度增加而增加,覆盖度越小,三者差异越大,反之覆盖度越大差异越小;3类植物株型的风蚀率匍匐状最低,球状次之,丛状最高;风蚀抑制效率匍匐状最高,球状次之,丛状最低。
程锋梅,李生宇,郑伟,赵淳宇,范敬龙,王世杰,王海峰,俞祥祥 . 3类典型株型草本植物对沙面风蚀抑制作用的研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022 , 39(5) : 1526 -1533 . DOI: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.17
Plant habit (form) is the main factor in determining the function of different plants in maintaining vegetative cover under wind erosion. Knowing the effects of different forms of herbaceous plants against wind erosion in a sandy desertified area can provide valuable references for ecological restoration measures. In this study, we conducted wind tunnel experiments to measure the erosion rate under three forms of herbaceous plants (creeping, globular, and plexiform) under different extents of vegetative cover (25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45%). Aerodynamic roughness increased, and wind speed was reduced with the increase in vegetative cover, for all three plant forms. However, under low coverage, the wind erosion inhibition rate differed greatly among the different plant forms; the sand fixation ability of globular and creeping plants was higher than that of the plexiform plants. The plant type with high wind erosion inhibition efficiency can achieve the sand fixation effect of the plant type with low wind erosion inhibition efficiency under the condition of high coverage. At 30% coverage, the wind erosion inhibition efficiency of creeping and globular plants was 47.55% and 55.70%, respectively, which was not much different than the efficiency of plexiform plants at 40% (48.46%) and 45% (56.94%) coverage, respectively. The wind erosion inhibition efficiency of the three types of herbaceous plants increased linearly with the increase in coverage. The smaller the coverage, the greater the difference among the three plants. The wind erosion rate of the three plant forms was lowest in creeping, followed by globular, and highest in plexiform. Conversely, the wind erosion inhibition rate was highest in creeping, followed by globular, and lowest in plexiform.
| [1] | 黄富祥, 王明星, 王跃思. 植被覆盖对风蚀地表保护作用研究的某些新进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2002, 26(5): 627-633. |
| [1] | [Huang Fuxiang, Wang Mingxing, Wang Yuesi. Recent progress on the research of vegetation protection in soil erosion by wind[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2002, 26(5): 627-633. ] |
| [2] | Wolfe S A, Nickling W G. The protective role of sparse vegetation in wind erosion[J]. Progress in Physical Geography, 1993, 17(1): 50-68. |
| [3] | Pajouhesh M, Gharahi N, Iranmanesh M, et al. Effects of vegetation pattern and of biochar and powdery soil amendments on soil loss by wind in a semi-arid region[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2020, 36(4): 704-713. |
| [4] | 贺山峰, 蒋德明, 阿拉木萨. 植被的防治风蚀作用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(5): 743-748. |
| [4] | [He Shanfeng, Jiang Deming, Alamusa. Roles of vegetation in wind erosion control: A research review[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(5): 743-748. ] |
| [5] | 程洪, 谢涛, 唐春, 等. 植物根系力学与固土作用机理研究综述[J]. 水土保持通报, 2006, 26(1): 97-102. |
| [5] | [Cheng Hong, Xie Tao, Tang Chun, et al. Overview of mechanism of plant roots improving soil reinforcement and slope stabilization[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 26(1): 97-102. ] |
| [6] | 杨洪晓, 张金屯, 吴波, 等. 毛乌素沙地油蒿种群点格局分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(4): 563-570. |
| [6] | [Yang Hongxiao, Zhang Jintun, Wu Bo, et al. Point pattern analysis of Artemisia ordosica population in the mu us sandy land[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(4): 563-570. ] |
| [7] | 郑义津, 李正农, 涂文戈, 等. 树木对风沙流场影响的风洞试验研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2020, 29(6): 107-116. |
| [7] | [Zheng Yijin, Li Zhengnong, Tu Wenge, et al. Wind tunnel experiments on the influence of trees on wind-sand flow field[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2020, 29(6): 107-116. ] |
| [8] | 李少华, 张立恒, 王学全, 等. 高寒灌木固沙区土壤性状与植被生长特征的相关分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2017, 34(6): 1331-1337. |
| [8] | [Li Shaohua, Zhang Liheng, Wang Xuequan, et al. Soil properties and shrub growth in an alpine sandy area[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2017, 34(6): 1331-1337. ] |
| [9] | 赵永来, 麻硕士, 陈智, 等. 残茬覆盖地表空气动力学粗糙度变化规律[J]. 农业机械学报, 2013, 44(4): 118-122. |
| [9] | [Zhao Yonglai, Ma Shuoshi, Chen Zhi, et al. Variational rule of aerodynamic roughness under crop stubble coverage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2013, 44(4): 118-122. ] |
| [10] | 孙悦超, 麻硕士, 陈智, 等. 阴山北麓干旱半干旱区地表土壤风蚀测试与分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(12): 1-5. |
| [10] | [Sun Yuechao, Ma Shuoshi, Chen Zhi, et al. Test and analysis of wind erosion of land surface soil in arid and semi-arid regions in north areas of Yinshan Mountain[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2007, 23(12): 1-5. ] |
| [11] | 屈志强, 张莉, 丁国栋, 等. 不同配置方式沙蒿灌丛对土壤风蚀影响的对比分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2008, 22(3): 1-4. |
| [11] | [Qu Zhiqiang, Zhang Li, Ding Guodong, et al. Comparative analysis on effect of distribution modes of Artemisia sphaerocephala to soil wind erosion[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 22(3): 1-4. ] |
| [12] | 张文, 亢力强, 张琴, 等. 植株形态对单植株前后风速变化影响的风洞实验[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 56(4): 573-581. |
| [12] | [Zhang Wen, Kang Liqiang, Zhang Qin, et al. Speed upwind and downwind of a single plant[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 56(4): 573-581. ] |
| [13] | Cheng H, Zhang K D, Liu C C, et al. Wind tunnel study of airflow recovery on the lee side of single plants[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2018, 263: 362-372. |
| [14] | 王成龙. 四种同龄植物防风作用的比较研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2011. |
| [14] | [Wang Chenglong. Comparative Study on the Wind Erosion of Four Kinds of Even-aged Plant[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2011. ] |
| [15] | Gillies J A, Nickling W G, King J. Drag coefficient and plant form response to wind speed in three plant species: Burning bush (Euonymus alatus), colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens glauca. ), and fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum)[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2002, 107(D24): 4760. |
| [16] | Gilliam F S. The ecological significance of the herbaceous layer in temperate forest ecosystems[J]. BioScience, 2007, 57(10): 845-858. |
| [17] | 曹当当. 南疆几种荒漠植物固沙及种群更新能力研究[D]. 喀什: 喀什大学, 2020. |
| [17] | [Cao Dangdang. Sand Fixation and Population Regeneration Ability of several Desert Plants in Southern Xinjiang, China[D]. Kashi: Kashi University, 2020. ] |
| [18] | 王雪芹, 蒋进, 雷加强, 等. 古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物分布及其沙面稳定意义[J]. 地理学报, 2003, 58(4): 598-605. |
| [18] | [Wang Xueqin, Jiang Jin, Lei Jiaqiang, et al. The distribution of ephemeral vegetation on the longitudinal dunes surface and its stabilization significance in the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(4): 598-605. ] |
| [19] | 张继义, 赵哈林, 崔建垣, 等. 科尔沁沙地流动沙丘沙米群落生物量特征及其防风固沙作用[J]. 水土保持学报, 2003, 17(3): 152-154. |
| [19] | [Zhang Jiyi, Zhao Halin, Cui Jianyuan, et al. Biomass of Agriophyllum squarrosum community and its function on mobile sand dune in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003, 17(3): 152-154. ] |
| [20] | 郑则浩, 雷加强, 李生宇, 等. 可移动式环境风洞气动特性测试与评价[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(6): 1551-1558. |
| [20] | [Zheng Zehao, Lei Jiaqiang, Li Shengyu, et al. Test and evaluation of wind flow characteristics of a portable wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2012, 32(6): 1551-1558. ] |
| [21] | 秦伟, 朱清科, 张学霞, 等. 植被覆盖度及其测算方法研究进展[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 34(9): 163-170. |
| [21] | [Qin Wei, Zhu Qingke, Zhang Xuexia, et al. Review of vegetation covering and its measuring and calculating method[J]. Journal of Northwest A＆F University(Natural Science Edition), 2006, 34(9): 163-170. ] |
| [22] | 蒲云锦, 刘清芳, 郭襄. 莫索湾1961—2010年大风特征分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(10): 24-27. |
| [22] | [Pu Yunjin, Liu Qingfang, Guo Xiang. Characteristics of strong wind in Mosuowan from 1961 to 2010[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(10): 24-27. ] |
| [23] | 董治宝, 陈渭南, 董光荣, 等. 植被对风沙土风蚀作用的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 1996, 16(4): 437-443. |
| [23] | [Dong Zhibao, Chen Weinan, Dong Guangrong, et al. Influences of vegetation cover on the wind erosion of sandy soil[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 1996, 16(4): 437-443. ] |
| [24] | 董治宝, Donald W Fryrear, 高尚玉. 直立植物防沙措施粗糙特征的模拟实验[J]. 中国沙漠, 2000, 20(3): 260-263. |
| [24] | [Dong Zhibao, Donald W Fryrear, Gao Shangyu. Modeling the roughness effect of blown sand controlling standing vegetation in wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(3): 260-263. ] |
| [25] | 邢恩德, 马少薇, 郭建英, 等. 植被盖度对典型草原区地表风沙流结构及风蚀量影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2015, 22(6): 331-334. |
| [25] | [Xing Ende, Ma Shaowei, Guo Jianying, et al. Effect of vegetation cover on sandstorm structure and rate of wind erosion in typical steppe[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 22(6): 331-334. ] |
| [26] | 张佳, 李生宇, 靳正忠, 等. 防护林下草本植物层片物种多样性与环境因子的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(1): 118-125. |
| [26] | [Zhang Jia, Li Shengyu, Jin Zhengzhong, et al. Relationship between species diversity herbaceous plants in the shelterbelt and environment factors[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2011, 28(1): 118-125. ] |
| [27] | 周鑫, 田丽慧, 张登山, 等. 青海湖沙区不同植被防风固沙效益研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2018, 32(8): 180-185. |
| [27] | [Zhou Xin, Tian Lihui, Zhang Dengshan, et al. Study on wind-prevention and sand-fixing benefits of different vegetation on the east coast dune of Qinghai Lake[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2018, 32(8): 180-185. ] |
| [28] | 杨文斌, 董慧龙, 卢琦, 等. 低覆盖度固沙林的乔木分布格局与防风效果[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(17): 5000-5008. |
| [28] | [Yang Wenbin, Dong Huilong, Lu Qi, et al. Pattern of low-covered sand-fixing woodland and its windbreak effect[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(17): 5000-5008. ] |
| [29] | Leys J F. Towards a better model of the effect of prostrate vegetation cover on wind erosion[J]. Vegetation, 1991, 91(1): 49-58. |
| [30] | 王继和, 马全林, 刘虎俊, 等. 干旱区沙漠化土地逆转植被的防风固沙效益研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2006, 26(6): 903-909. |
| [30] | [Wang Jihe, Ma Quanlin, Liu Hujun, et al. Effect of wind-breaking and sand-fixing of vegetation in progressive succession on desertification land in arid area[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2006, 26(6): 903-909. ] |
| [31] | 陈妮, 李谭宝, 张晓萍, 等. 北洛河流域植被覆盖度时空变化的遥感动态分析[J]. 水土保持通报, 2013, 33(3): 206-210, 327. |
| [31] | [Chen Ni, Li Tanbao, Zhang Xiaoping, et al. Spatiotemporal variations of vegetation coverage in Beiluo River watershed based on remote sensing data analysis[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 33(3): 206-210, 327. ] |
| [32] | 曹永香, 毛东雷, 薛杰, 等. 绿洲-沙漠过渡带植被覆盖动态变化及其驱动因素——以新疆策勒为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 510-521. |
| [32] | [Cao Yongxiang, Mao Donglei, Xue Jie, et al. Dynamic changes and driving factors of vegetation cover in the oasis-desert ecotone: A case study of Cele, Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 510-521. ] |
| [33] | 马全林, 卢琦, 张德魁, 等. 沙蒿与油蒿灌丛的防风阻沙作用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(7): 1639-1645. |
| [33] | [Ma Quanlin, Lu Qi, Zhang Dekui, et al. Wind prevention and sand resistance effects of Artemisia sphaerocephala and A. ordosica[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012, 31(7): 1639-1645. ] |
| [34] | 王晗生, 刘国彬. 植被结构及其防止土壤侵蚀作用分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 1999, 13(2): 63-69. |
| [34] | [Wang Hansheng, Liu Guobin. Analyses on vegetation structures and their controlling soil erosion[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 1999, 13(2): 63-69. ] |
| [35] | 蔡东旭, 李生宇, 刘耀中, 等. 台特玛湖干涸湖盆区植物风影沙丘的形态特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(5): 1020-1028. |
| [35] | [Cai Dongxu, Li Shengyu, Liu Yaozhong, et al. Morphological characteristics of shadow dunes of plant at dry lakebed of Taitema Lake[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2017, 40(5): 1020-1028. ] |
| [36] | 刘虎俊. 仿真固沙灌木构型参数及防风固沙效应研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2012. |
| [36] | [Liu Hujun. The Study on Architecture and Wind Break Efficiency of Iimitation Sand-Fixed Shrub[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2012. ] |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |