天山北坡城市群地表温度时空差异及贡献度分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市化的加快推进使得土地利用变化加剧,进而导致城市热环境问题日益突出。基于2005年和2018年夏季的MYD21A2地表温度数据,运用空间统计学方法分析了LST的时空分布格局,并结合土地利用数据,通过贡献度指数,对天山北坡城市群地表覆盖类型和行政区划的源汇角色特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1） 2005—2018年建设用地、耕地增长显著,冰川、林地等自然资源地类显著减少,说明城市的发展对生态环境和自然资源造成了较为严重的影响。（2）地表温度等级的空间分布与海拔呈负相关关系,2005—2018年高温度等级在白天的空间分布有离散化趋势,而夜间则相反,夜间高温度等级空间分布整体有向东南迁移的趋势。（3）不同城市、不同地表覆盖类型由于自然条件、比热容等物理性质的不同,其白天和夜间源汇角色不同,可归纳为昼夜热源型（CI>0）、昼汇夜源型（白天CI<0,夜间CI>0）和昼夜热汇型（CI<0）。（4）天山北坡城市群独特的气候和荒漠—绿洲—山地地貌致使建设用地为昼汇夜源型地类,源汇角色与内地一些城市群（京津冀城市群）存在差异。

关键词: MYD21A2, 天山北坡城市群, 地表温度, 贡献度

Abstract:

The acceleration of urbanization has intensified land use changes, which in turn has led to increasingly prominent urban thermal environmental problems. Based on MYD21A2 surface temperature data from the summers of 2005 and 2018, the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of LST was analyzed using spatial statistics, combined with land use data, and the contribution index was used to determine the source of land cover types and administrative divisions of the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. Between 2005 and 2018, construction land, cultivated land increased significantly, and natural resource types, such as glaciers and forest land, decreased significantly, indicating that urban development had a serious impact on the ecological environment and natural resources. The spatial distribution of surface temperature grades is negatively correlated with altitude; from 2005 to 2018, the spatial distribution of high temperature grades in the daytime has a discretization trend, while the opposite is true at night, and the overall spatial distribution of high temperature grades at night has a tendency to migrate to the southeast. Different cities and land cover types had different day/night source and sink roles due to different natural conditions, specific heat capacity, and other physical properties; these can be summarized as a day and night heat source type (CI > 0), a day and night sink type (day CI < 0, night CI > 0), and a day and night heat sink type (CI < 0). The unique climate and desert-oasis-mountain landforms of the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains led to a diurnal sink and night source land for construction land, with the role of source and sink being different from that of some inland urban agglomerations (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration).

Key words: MYD21A2, urban agglomeration on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, land surface temperature, contribution

梁洪武,阿里木江·卡斯木,赵禾苗,赵永玉. 天山北坡城市群地表温度时空差异及贡献度分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 388-399.

LIANG Hongwu,Alimujiang Kasim,ZHAO Hemiao,ZHAO Yongyu. Analysis of the spatial and temporal differences in surface temperature and the contribution of surface coverage in the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 388-399.

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地表温度等级	划分依据
特高温	T > μ+1.5std
高温	μ+0.5std<T≤ μ+1.5std
中温	μ-0.5std≤T< μ+0.5std
低温	μ-1.5std≤T< μ-0.5std
极低温	T< μ-1.5std

土地利用/ 覆盖类型	2005年		2018年		2005—2018年
土地利用/ 覆盖类型	面积/km²	比例/%	面积/km²	比例/%	变化面积/km²	变化比例/%
草地	61282.23	31.60	59078.08	30.46	-2204.15	-3.60
耕地	16432.88	8.47	22543.51	11.62	6110.63	37.19
建设用地	1817.92	0.94	3229.49	1.67	1411.57	77.65
林地	5170.72	2.66	2596.93	1.34	-2573.79	-49.78
水域	669.43	0.35	896.31	0.46	226.88	33.89
冰川	2680.10	1.38	930.84	0.48	-1749.26	-65.27
未利用地	105883.03	54.60	104661.15	53.97	-1221.88	-1.15

LST等级	面积/km²
LST等级	2005年白天	2018年白天	变化面积	2005年夜间	2018年夜间	变化面积
极低温	21853.26	21523.25	-330.01	17775.39	17728.24	-50.15
低温	24798.27	30648.69	5850.42	16863.40	17758.23	894.83
中温	71828.66	63396.24	-8432.42	113127.42	107471.98	-5655.44
高温	73024.61	75945.86	2921.25	39567.02	43291.56	3724.54
特高温	2431.51	2422.27	-9.24	6603.08	7689.30	1086.22

时相	Moran’s I	Z	P
2005年白天	0.959	164.846	<0.001
2005年夜间	0.954	164.607	<0.001
2018年白天	0.958	158.944	<0.001
2018年夜间	0.956	165.761	<0.001

时相	方向性	离散性	中心点坐标（经度）	中心点坐标（纬度）	方位角度/（°）
2005年白天	2.22	130.99	89°38′E	43°07′N	133.58
2005年夜间	2.28	113.67	87°47′E	44°34′N	125.13
2018年白天	2.19	139.42	89°19′E	43°12′N	129.32
2018年夜间	2.60	112.76	88°01′E	43°79′N	124.54