2020年新疆南部区域干热风精细化特征分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2020年5—7月中国气象局陆面数据同化系统（CLDAS）的5 km×5 km小时再分析数据,结合2020年新疆南部小麦种植区的作物发育期资料,细化了基于小时气象要素的干热风定义,整理出区域内每个格点精确到小时的干热风数据,分析了新疆南部区域的轻、中、重度高温低湿型和旱风型干热风精细化特征。结果表明：（1）新疆南部区域的轻、中、重度高温低湿型和旱风型干热风的格点平均日数分别为31.0 d、13.8 d、10.7 d和3.6 d;格点平均小时数分别为151.2 h、54.6 h、41.2 h和11.3 h。若羌、哈密和吐鲁番盆地是干热风日数、小时数和干热风综合强度等指标高值区。（2）区域高温低湿型干热风平均时数≥6.5 h的高发日集中在6月下旬、7月上旬和中旬。区域旱风型干热风平均时数≥4.0 h高发日主要出现在5月、6月中旬和7月上旬。在每天的18：00高温低湿型干热风落区面积最大,19：00旱风型干热风落区面积最大。（3）新疆南部区域,轻、中、重度高温低湿型和旱风型干热风过程平均次数分别为12.7次、7.9次、5.7次和2.5次,干热风过程最长持续日数平均值分别为8.4 d、3.5 d、2.7 d和1.2 d。该区域的干热风范围广、过程次数多、过程持续日数长,干热风防御需引起足够重视。

关键词: 小麦, 干热风, 精细化特征, 新疆南部

Abstract:

The paper using 5 km of CLDAS from May to July 2020 grid hour data and wheat growth data in 2020, the definition of dry-hot wind based on hourly meteorological elements was refined, sort out the hourly dry-hot wind data of each grid, detailed analysis of the characteristics of high temperature and low humidity (light, medium and heavy) and dry wind types dry-hot wind in southern Xinjiang. The results show that: (1) The average cumulative days of four degrees dry-hot wind were 31.0,13.8,10.7, and 3.6 days, and the average cumulative hours were 151.2, 54.6, 41.2, and 11.3 h, the high value areas of dry-hot wind days, hours and comprehensive strength index were located in Ruoqiang, Hami and Turpan regions. (2) The days with average hours of high temperature and low humidity dry-hot wind≥6.5 h were concentrated in late June, early and mid-July, the days with dry wind type dry-hot wind average hours≥4 h were concentrated in May, mid-June and early July, the largest areas of high temperature and low humidity type at 18:00 and dry wind type at 19:00 every day. (3) Analysis of dry-hot wind process distribution, the average cumulative times of four degrees dry-hot wind were 12.7, 7.9, 5.7, and 2.5 times, the average longest duration days were 8.4, 3.5, 2.7, and 1.2 days. The dry-hot wind have large areas, many times, long duration days and strong process. Therefore, enough attention should be paid to the defense of dry-hot wind.

Key words: wheat, dry-hot wind, detailed characteristics, southern Xinjiang

张祖莲,毛炜峄,姚艳丽,张山清,顾雅文. 2020年新疆南部区域干热风精细化特征分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 84-93.

ZHANG Zulian,MAO Weiyi,YAO Yanli,ZHANG Shanqing,GU Yawen. Detailed analysis of the characteristics of dry-hot wind in southern Xinjiang in 2020[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 84-93.

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	5月上旬	5月中旬	5月下旬	6月上旬	6月中旬	6月下旬	7月上旬	7月中旬
冬小麦	开花（喀什地区、和田地区、轮台、若羌）	开花（阿克苏、库车、拜城、阿克陶）,乳熟（麦盖提）	乳熟（轮台、库车、于田、喀什地区）,成熟（麦盖提）	乳熟（阿克苏,拜城,阿克陶）,成熟（喀什地区,和田）	成熟（轮台,阿克苏,于田,若羌,阿克陶）	成熟（库车,拜城）
春小麦			开花（焉耆）	开花（哈密）		乳熟（焉耆,哈密）	成熟（焉耆）	成熟（哈密）

	I_1平均值	II_1平均值	III_1平均值	IV_1平均值	V_1平均值
HTLH_L日数/d	5.2	15.7	26.0	41.7	71.4
HTLH_M日数/d	1.5	2.6	5.5	17.7	50.2
HTLH_H日数/d	1.4	1.7	2.6	11.7	43.3
DW日数/d	2.5	1.7	2.0	2.5	4.9
HTLH_L时数/h	11.6	45.3	90.5	204.8	563.8
HTLH_M时数/h	2.0	4.5	11.9	61.8	290.4
HTLH_H/时数/h	1.5	2.2	4.4	36.7	235.6
DW时数/h	4.2	3.5	4.2	6.4	17.3
HTLH_L格点数/个	3939	4744	7591	11549	2165
HTLH_M格点数/个	1145	4190	7554	11549	2165
HTLH_H格点数/个	480	2505	6868	11507	2165
DW格点数/个	93	146	165	991	1308

		5月上旬	5月中旬	5月下旬	6月上旬	6月中旬	6月下旬	7月上旬	7月中旬	7月下旬
高温低湿	逐日总时数≥10×10⁴ h	0	0	0	3	0	0	4	0	4
	逐日总时数≥8×10⁴ h	0	0	1	4	1	3	6	1	6
	逐日格点数≥2×10⁴个	0	0	0	3	0	1	3	0	4
	逐日格点数≥1.5×10⁴个	0	0	1	4	2	4	6	2	7
	日平均时间≥6.5 h	0	0	0	0	0	2	3	2	0
旱风型	逐日格点数≥500个	4	1	2	2	2	3	3	0	0
	日平均时间≥4 h	1	1	1	0	2	0	2	0	0
	日平均时间≥3 h	2	1	2	1	2	2	2	0	0

	I_2平均值	II_2平均值	III_2平均值	IV_2平均值
HTLH_L次数/次	3.2	8.4	12.7	16.6
HTLH_M次数/次	2.4	5.5	7.9	8.0
HTLH_H次数/次	3.9	5.5	5.7	5.8
DW次数/次	3.6	3.2	2.5	3.8
HTLH_L最长持续日数/d	4.0	9.0	8.4	7.4
HTLH_M最长持续日数/d	4.1	3.5	3.5	3.1
HTLH_H最长持续日数/d	7.3	3.4	2.7	2.4
DW最长持续日数/d	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.3
HTLH_L格点个数/个	3854	6647	18244	1243
HTLH_M格点个数/个	1278	5938	18148	1239
HTLH_H格点个数/个	549	4416	17344	1217
DW格点个数/个	212	796	1594	102

	5月上旬	5月中旬	6月上旬	6月中旬	6月下旬	7月上旬	7月中旬	7月下旬
HTLH_L日平均时间≥6.5 h	0	0	0	0	2	3	2	0
HTLH_L日平均时间≥5.8 h	1	1	0	0	2	4	1	0
HTLH_L日平均时间≥5.7 h	1	2	0	1	2	4	3	1
CID_1≥1.5	0	1	0	0	2	3	1	0
CID_1≥1.4	0	1	1	0	2	4	1	0
CID_1≥1.32	1	2	2	1	2	4	2	0