宁夏阅海湿地水质评价及其空间差异性研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了进一步查明水深、芦苇分布、进水口、排水口分布等因素对宁夏阅海湿地水质的影响程度,于2019年春季（5月）、夏季（8月）、秋季（11月）分别对阅海湿地水质按《地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）》进行了14个水点采集分析,利用模糊综合评价法对湿地水质的空间分布差异性特征进行了评价。结果表明:（1）阅海湖泊水质指标季节分布特征为,各水质指标大多介于Ⅲ~Ⅳ类水质。其中,5月水质最差,11月相对较好,8月居中。（2）阅海湖泊水质指标空间分布特征为,5月阅海水体在浅水区属于Ⅱ类水质,在芦苇区、入水口、深水区属于Ⅳ类水质;8月在深水区、芦苇区属于Ⅳ类水质,在入水口属于Ⅰ类水质,在其他区域均属于Ⅲ类水质;11月在入水口属于Ⅳ类水质,其余区域属于Ⅲ类水质。（3）阅海湖泊水质指标的时空变化与旅游活动、人工补水、鸟类栖息繁衍等外源输入、自然和人为原因对湖泊底泥的扰动有关。研究结果对阅海湿地等干旱区水资源的管理以及生态环境治理均有一定的参考作用。

关键词: 阅海湿地, 水质, 模糊综合评价, 空间差异性: 宁夏

Abstract:

This study aimed to determine the influence of water depth, reed distribution, water intake, and drainage outlet distribution on the water quality of Yuehai wetland in Ningxia. Data from 14 water points were collected and analyzed in the spring (may), summer (August) and autumn (November) of 2019 following the environmental quality standard for surface water (GB3838-2002), and the water quality of Yuehai wetland was evaluated using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Additionally, differences in the spatial distribution of the samples were evaluated. Most of the seasonal water quality indices of Yuehai Lake were between class III and class IV. Among them, the water quality was worst in May, relatively good in November, and moderate in August. Additionally, the spatial distribution of the water quality indices of Yuehai lake changed in different seasons. In May, the Yuehai water body exhibited class II water quality in shallow areas, class IV water quality in the reed area, water inlet, and deep water area. In August, there was class IV water quality in the deep water area and reed area, class I water quality in the water inlet, and class III water quality in other areas, and in November, there was class IV water quality in the water inlet and class III water quality in other areas. Lastly, the temporal and spatial variation of water quality indices in Yuehai lake were related to the external input of artificial water supplement, tourism activities, bird habitat and breeding, and the disturbance of natural and human factors on the lake sediment. These results can be used as a reference for the management of water resources and the ecological environment in arid areas, such as Yuehai wetland.

Key words: Yuehai wetland, water quality, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, spatial difference, Ningxia

杨蕾,璩向宁,马正虎,张矞勋,田媛,何志润. 宁夏阅海湿地水质评价及其空间差异性研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 640-649.

YANG Lei,QU Xiangning,MA Zhenghu,ZHNAG Yuxun,TIAN Yuan,HE Zhirun. Water quality evaluation and spatial difference of Yuehai wetland in Ningxia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 640-649.

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位置	编号	经度（E）	纬度（N）	区域
览山公园附近	1	106°12′20.13″	38°31′38.13″	入水口
阅海欢乐岛	2	106°11′59.48″	38°31′40.34″	深水区
南部湖心区	3	106°12′11.51″	38°31′53.14″	深水区
花博园南侧区	4	106°12′26.46″	38°32′06.63″	深水区
花博园北部区	5	106°12′10.89″	38°32′28.24″	深水区
西湖沟浅滩处	6	106°11′40.64″	38°32′15.17″	浅水区
芦苇区西侧	7	106°11′37.18″	38°32′39.25″	芦苇区
芦苇区东侧	8	106°12′08.78″	38°32′53.14″	芦苇区
环阅海公路旁	9	106°11′35.29″	38°33′10.16″	浅水区
芦苇区北部	10	106°12′07.87″	38°33′19.37″	芦苇区
四二干沟附近	11	106°12′25.91″	38°33′25.41″	浅水区
阅海北部浅滩	12	106°12′01.64″	38°33′44.49″	浅水区
三一支沟附近	13	106°12′38.15″	38°33′57.38″	浅水区
北部垂钓区	14	106°12′10.60″	38°34′00.75″	排水口

采样点	总氮	总磷	氨氮	溶解氧	高锰酸盐指数
1	0.188	0.297	0.043	0.277	0.196
2	0.180	0.269	0.019	0.288	0.244
3	0.172	0.304	0.025	0.289	0.209
4	0.225	0.278	0.036	0.253	0.208
5	0.166	0.286	0.059	0.274	0.214
6	0.176	0.293	0.045	0.277	0.210
7	0.177	0.310	0.065	0.218	0.229
8	0.164	0.338	0.090	0.230	0.179
9	0.155	0.313	0.113	0.239	0.180
10	0.165	0.285	0.133	0.231	0.186
11	0.146	0.306	0.154	0.225	0.169
12	0.153	0.294	0.129	0.258	0.165
13	0.157	0.303	0.151	0.230	0.159
14	0.189	0.269	0.157	0.224	0.160

采样点	总氮	总磷	氨氮	溶解氧	高锰酸盐指数
1	0.250	0.143	0.007	0.204	0.396
2	0.199	0.132	0.008	0.222	0.440
3	0.287	0.134	0.006	0.193	0.380
4	0.206	0.140	0.008	0.183	0.464
5	0.140	0.167	0.008	0.189	0.494
6	0.200	0.196	0.007	0.171	0.427
7	0.221	0.079	0.008	0.204	0.488
8	0.321	0.172	0.006	0.129	0.371
9	0.299	0.160	0.006	0.158	0.377
10	0.163	0.220	0.007	0.180	0.428
11	0.191	0.244	0.006	0.174	0.385
12	0.254	0.242	0.005	0.150	0.350
13	0.126	0.265	0.007	0.152	0.451
14	0.256	0.215	0.006	0.132	0.391

采样点	总氮	总磷	氨氮	溶解氧	高锰酸盐指数
1	0.281	0.086	0.012	0.365	0.254
2	0.259	0.119	0.016	0.313	0.291
3	0.328	0.137	0.029	0.204	0.304
4	0.241	0.073	0.017	0.358	0.312
5	0.266	0.092	0.015	0.342	0.285
6	0.336	0.118	0.031	0.151	0.364
7	0.316	0.080	0.029	0.235	0.339
8	0.298	0.185	0.023	0.202	0.292
9	0.314	0.114	0.027	0.232	0.314
10	0.330	0.118	0.034	0.192	0.327
11	0.262	0.212	0.018	0.240	0.267
12	0.316	0.040	0.018	0.280	0.337
13	0.274	0.190	0.019	0.237	0.280
14	0.294	0.160	0.021	0.243	0.283

点位	Ⅰ类水	Ⅱ类水	Ⅲ类水	Ⅳ类水	Ⅴ类水	水质类别
1	0.147	0.130	0.332	0.860	0.193	Ⅳ
2	0.154	0.211	0.293	0.342	0.000	Ⅳ
3	0.079	0.328	0.228	0.334	0.030	Ⅳ
4	0.033	0.193	0.196	0.578	0.000	Ⅳ
5	0.037	0.375	0.064	0.500	0.000	Ⅳ
6	0.133	0.337	0.122	0.379	0.000	Ⅳ
7	0.024	0.168	0.269	0.402	0.138	Ⅳ
8	0.008	0.305	0.201	0.385	0.102	Ⅳ
9	0.000	0.262	0.277	0.199	0.263	Ⅲ
10	0.000	0.357	0.229	0.175	0.240	Ⅱ
11	0.000	0.311	0.240	0.184	0.257	Ⅱ
12	0.000	0.325	0.139	0.185	0.312	Ⅱ
13	0.006	0.543	0.102	0.303	0.055	Ⅱ
14	0.000	0.312	0.174	0.487	0.027	Ⅳ