乌鲁木齐市区大气氮素干沉降的输入性分析

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 710-716.

乌鲁木齐市区大气氮素干沉降的输入性分析

张伟^1,2, 刘学军^1,3, 胡玉昆¹, 李凯辉¹, 沈健林⁴, 骆晓声³, 宋韦^1,2

1. 中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049;
3. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100193;
4. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 湖南长沙 410125

收稿日期:2010-07-08 修回日期:2010-09-26 出版日期:2011-08-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
通讯作者: 刘学军. E-mail:liu310@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:张伟(1986-),男,山东人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事大气氮沉降监测工作以及恢复生态研究. E-mail:zhangwei608@mails.gucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院"百人计划"项目;国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2009CB825103)资助

Analysis on Input of Atmospheric Nitrogen Dry Deposition in Urumqi

ZHANG Wei^1,2, LIU Xue-jun^1,3, HU Yu-kun¹, LI Kai-hui¹, SHEN Jian-lin⁴, LUO Xiao-sheng³, SONG Wei^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011 , China;
2. Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
4. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China

Received:2010-07-08 Revised:2010-09-26 Online:2011-08-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2009年8月至2010年3月在乌鲁木齐市及城郊,通过大气颗粒物采样器、气体被动采样器对大气氮素干沉降进行连续性监测。结果表明:除NH₃浓度值ISFR(土肥所)高于XIEG(生地所)外,其他活性氮成分的浓度XIEG均大于ISFR。NO₂-N, NH₃-N(气态), PNO₃^--N, PNH₄⁺-N(气溶胶态)和PM₁₀(空气动力学当量直径在10 μm以下的颗粒物)在监测点XIEG的平均浓度为4.31,4.49, 2.52, 11.84, 224.66 μg/m³,在ISFR的监测值为2.32, 4.63, 2.34, 7.59和188.16 μg/m³。根据每月平均浓度值的变化讨论了不同活性氮的时空变异,基于浓度和所引用文献中的沉降速率,得出XIEG大气氮素干沉降的通量为28.68 kg/(hm²·a),ISFR 通量为21.60 kg/(hm²·a)。如此高通量中铵态氮占到65.69%(XIEG)和69.44%(ISFR),8～11月以NH₃为主,12～3月则主要是气溶胶态NH₄⁺。

关键词: 大气氮沉降, 干沉降, 活性氮, 生态效应, 乌鲁木齐

Abstract: Atmospheric concentrations of NH₃, NO₂, particulate NH₄⁺ (PNH₄⁺) and NO₃^- (PNO₃^-) were measured from the samples collected with passive samplers and particulate samplers in Urumqi and its suburbs during the period from August 2009 to March 2010 to estimate atmospheric dry deposition of nitrogen (N) in this region. The results show that NH₃ concentration at the Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Research (ISFR, suburban site) was higher than that at the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography (XIEG, urban site), while the concentrations of other atmospheric reactive N compositions (NO₂, particulate NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-) were higher at XIEG than those at ISFR. The mean concentrations of NH₃-N, NO₂-N, PNH₄⁺-N, PNO₃^--N and PM₁₀ (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) at XIEG were 4.49, 4.31, 2.52, 11.84 and 225 μg/m³, and those at ISFR were 4.63, 2.32, 2.34, 7.59 and 188 μg/m³, respectively. Based on the measured concentrations and the dry deposition velocities cited from the references, it was estimated that the atmospheric dry deposition of N was 28.7 kg/(hm²·a) during the sampling period at XIEG and 21.6 kg/(hm²·a) at ISFR, in which the proportion of NH_x (NH₃+ PNH₄⁺) accounted for 65.7% at XIEG and 69.4% at ISFR, NH₃ was dominant during the period from August to November, and PNH₄⁺ was dominant during the period from December to next March.

Key words: atmospheric nitrogen deposition, dry deposition, reactive nitrogen, ecological effect, Urumqi

中图分类号:

X511

张伟, 刘学军, 胡玉昆, 李凯辉, 沈健林, 骆晓声, 宋韦. 乌鲁木齐市区大气氮素干沉降的输入性分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(4): 710-716.

ZHANG Wei, LIU Xue-jun, HU Yu-kun, LI Kai-hui, SHEN Jian-lin, LUO Xiao-sheng, SONG Wei. Analysis on Input of Atmospheric Nitrogen Dry Deposition in Urumqi[J]. , 2011, 28(4): 710-716.

参考文献

[1] Galloway J N,Dentener F J,Capone D G,et al.Nitrogen cycles:Past,present,and future[J].Biogeochemistry,2004,70:153-226.

[2] Galloway J N,Aber J D,Erisman J W,et al.The nitrogen cascade[J].BioScience,2003,53:341-356.

[3] 李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.氮沉降对森林植物的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(9):1 891-1 900.

[4] Shen J L,Tang A H,Liu X J,et al.High concentrations and dry deposition of reactive nitrogen species at two sites in the North China Plain[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157:3 106-3 113.

[5] 崔键,周静,杨浩,等.大气氮沉降向典型红壤区农田生态系统定量输入研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(8):2 221-2 226.

[6] 李玉中,祝廷成,姜世成.羊草草地生态系统干湿沉降氮输入量的动态变化[J].中国草地,2000,22(2):24-27.[Li Yuzhong,Zhu Tingcheng,Jiang Shicheng.Nitrogen deposition in Leymus chinensis grassland of Songnen Plain[J].Grassland of China,2000,22(2):24-27.]

[7] 文倩,关欣,崔卫国.和田地区大气降尘对土壤作用的研究[J].干旱区研究,2002,19(3):1-5.

[8] 关欣,李巧云,文倩,等.南疆西部降尘对土壤性质的影响[J].土壤,2000,32(4):178-182.

[9] 张家宝,陈洪武,毛炜峄,等.新疆气候变化与生态环境的初步评估[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2008,2(4):1-11.

[10] 刘学军,张福锁.环境养分及其在生态系统养分资源管理中的作用:以大气氮沉降为例[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(3):306-311.

[11] Hanson P J,Lindberg S E.Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen compounds:A review of leaf,canopy and non-foliar measurements[J].Atmospheric Environment,1991,25(8),1 615-1 634.

[12] 于子江,海热提,帕拉提,等.乌鲁木齐大气环境质量评价模型[J].干旱区研究,2001,18(4):72-75.

[13] 田贺忠,郝吉明,陆永琪,等.中国氮氧化物排放清单及分布特征[J].中国环境科学.2001,21(6):493-497.

[14] 吴彦,王健,刘晖,等.乌鲁木齐大气污染物的空间分布及地面风场效应[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):986-991.

[15] Battye W,Aneja V P,Roelle P A.Evaluation and improvement of ammonia emissions inventories[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37:3 873-3 883.

[16] Sutton M A,Place C J,Eager M,et al.Assessment of the magnitude of ammonia emissions in the United Kingdom[J].Atmospheric Environment,1995,29:1 393-1 411.

[17] Hutchings N J,Sommer S G,Andersen J M,et al.A detailed ammonia emission inventory for Denmark[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35:1 959-1 968.

[18] Sutton M A,Dragosits U,Tang Y S,et al.Ammonia emissions from non-agricultural sources in the UK[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34:855-869.

[19] 孙庆瑞,王美蓉.我国氨的排放量和时空分布[J].大气科学,1997,21(5):590-598.

[20] 崔二平,余国新,张建宏.乌鲁木齐市能源结构调整策略分析[J].当代经济,2008(12):118-120..

[21] 刘梦潇.乌鲁木齐市近年来大气降尘变化规律及趋势[J].新疆环境保护,2008,30(2):35-37.

[22] Hicks B B,Baldocchi D,Hosker R P,et al.On the use of monitored air concentrations to infer dry deposition:ERLARL-141.USA:NOAA Technical Memorandums,1985:65.

[23] Kelly V R,Lovett G M,Weathers K C,et al.Trends in atmospheric ammonium concentrations in relation to atmospheric sulfate and local agriculture[J].Environmental Pollution,2005,135:363-369.

[24] Wang W T,Toby P S,Tao S,et al.Atmospheric particulate matter pollution during the 2008 Beijing Olympics[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2009,43:5 314-5 320.

[25] 贾钧彦,张颖,蔡晓布,等.藏东南大气氮湿沉降动态变化:以林芝观测点为例[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):1 907-1 913.

[26] 王志辉,张颖,刘学军,等.黄土区降水降尘输入农田土壤中的氮素评估[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3 295-3 301.

[27] Wang W X,Ding G A.The geographical distribution of ion concentration in precipitation over China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,1997,10(2):1-7.

[28] Brimblecombe P,Seedman D H.Historical evidence for a dramatic increase in the nitrate component of acid rain[J].Nature,1982,298:460-462.