伊宁市道路土壤重金属污染现状及其环境质量评价

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.03.27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以伊宁市城区主干道旁表土层为研究对象,共采集52个土样,应用分光光度仪测定6种重金属(Hg,Cr,Ni,Pb,Cu和Zn)元素含量。基于地学统计法应用单项污染指数(CF)和污染负荷指数(PLI)研究道路重金属污染近况和解释环境质量问题。结果表明:① 表土层中Hg、Ni、Pb和Cu的均值各超出新疆土壤背景值的2.75、1.48、2.60倍和1.52倍,Cr和Zn均未超其背景值。除Pb以外,其余元素含量均未超过国家土壤环境质量Ⅰ级标准(mg·kg^-1)。② 道路表土中6种元素均呈点和面状分布格局,各元素在研究区内均有高值,表明经济生产、工业发展、道路交通等人为活动对道路土壤生境具有消极影响。③ Hg、Pb表现为区域性严重污染,Ni和Cu均呈不同水平的轻度污染等级,Cr和Zn的轻微污染和无污染等级分别占17.31%、82.69%和23.08%、59.62%。④ 研究区各元素CF均值从大到小顺次为:Pb、Hg、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr。重金属PLI平均值为1.20,表现为轻度污染。土壤中Pb较其他重金属污染严重。

关键词: 土壤重金属, 污染现状, 环境质量评价, 空间分布, 伊宁市

Abstract: A total of 52 soil samples were collected from the topsoil beside the main roads in the downtown of Yining,and the contents of 6 heavy metals (Hg,Cr,Ni,Pb,Cu and Zn) were determined by spectrophotometer.The environmental quality related to heavy metal pollution in urban soil was studied by using CF and PLI index based on geostatistics.The results showed that: ① The mean values of Hg,Ni,Pb and Cu in topsoil were 2.75,1.48,2.60 and 1.52 times higher than the background values of soil in Xinjiang respectively,and neither Cr nor Zn exceeded their background values of soil in Xinjiang.In addition to Pb,the contents of other elements did not exceed the level Ⅰ of national soil environmental quality (mg·kg^-1); ② The 6 elements in urban soil were all distributed in point and planar patterns,and high values of all these elements occurred in urban soil in the study area,which indicated that human activities,such as economic production,industrial development and road traffic,had negative effects on soil habitats; ③ The Hg and Pb pollution was serious,and the Ni and Cu pollution was slight.Cr and Zn accounted for 17.31% and 82.69% at slight pollution level and 23.08% and 59.62% at non-pollution level,respectively;④ The mean CF values of these elements in urban soil in the study area were in an order of Pb>Hg>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cr.The mean value of heavy metal PLI was 1.20,which indicated that the urban soil was slightly polluted.Pb pollution was more serious than other heavy metals.

Key words: soil heavy metal, soil pollution, environment quality, spatial distribution, Yining

吴珊珊, 孙慧兰, 周永超, 周玲. 伊宁市道路土壤重金属污染现状及其环境质量评价[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(3): 752-760.

WU Shan-shan, SUN Hui-lan, ZHOU Yong-chao, ZHOU Ling. Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Soil and Environment Quality in Yinin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(3): 752-760.

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