不同供氮水平下宁夏枸杞养分吸收利用特征研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.04.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明宁夏枸杞养分需求规律，以4年生“宁杞七号”为研究对象，基于无土栽培营养液循环利用试验装置，以氮素浓度为控制指标设置4个处理（150 mg·L^-1、210 mg·L^-1、270 mg·L^-1和350 mg·L^-1），监测枸杞长势、产量、品质指标，并检测全生育期枸杞对各营养元素的吸收量。结果表明：枸杞对大中量元素的吸收量为N>K>Ca>Mg>P，微量元素为Fe>B>Mn>Zn>Cu；春梢生长期N、K吸收最高分别为1.578 g·d^-1、0.954 g·d^-1，始花期P、Fe、B吸收最高为0.029 g·d^-1、9.321 mg·d^-1、3.935 mg·d^-1，夏果期Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu吸收最高，为0.254 g·d^-1、0.764 g·d^-1、1.113 mg·d^-1、0.498 mg·d^-1、0.184 mg·d^-1；产量与N、P、K吸收量相关系数分别为0.95、0.98、0.84，与各微量元素不具有显著相关关系。利用TOPSIS熵权法分析确定T4处理（N素浓度350 mg·L^-1）最优，则生产1000 kg枸杞干果需吸收N 269.92 kg、P 5.96 kg、K 133.93 kg、Ca 135.73 kg、Mg 48.81 kg、Mn 534.04 g、Fe 1729.08 g、Zn 96.79 g、Cu 41.08 g、B 737.49 g，利用比例为N:P:K:Ca:Mg=10:0.22:4.96:5.03:1.81，Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B=10:3.09:0.56:0.24:4.27。

关键词: 枸杞, 营养元素吸收, 养分利用特征, TOPSIS熵权法, 宁夏

Abstract:

This study explored the nutrient requirements of Lycium barbarum in Ningxia using a 4-year-old “Ningqi No. 7.” Four treatments (150 mg·L^-1, 210 mg·L^-1, 270 mg·L^-1, and 350 mg·L^-1) were set up using nitrogen concentration as the control index based on an experimental device for nutrient recycling in soilless cultivation. The growth, yield, and quality indexes of L. barbarum were monitored, and nutrient absorption during growth was examined. The results showed that the absorption of large and medium elements (N>K>Ca>Mg>P) as well as trace elements (Fe>B>Mn>Zn>Cu). Maximum N and K absorption was 1.578 g·d^-1 and 0.954 g·d^-1 at the spring shoot growth stage, 0.029 g·d^-1, 9.321 mg·d^-1, and 3.935 mg·d^-1 at the first flowering stage, and 0.254 g·d^-1, 0.764 g·d^-1, 1.113 mg·d^-1, 0.498 mg·d^-1, and 0.184 mg·d^-1 at the summer fruit stage. N, P, and K uptake had correlation coefficients of 0.95, 0.98, and 0.84 with yield, respectively, and none significant for the trace elements. The TOPSIS entropy weight analysis identified the T4 treatment (350 mg·d^-1) as optimal. Producing 1000 kg of dried wolfberry fruit required the absorption of 269.92 kg of N, 5.96 kg of P, 133.93 kg of K, 135.73 kg of Ca, 48.81 kg of Mg, 534.04 g of Mn, 1729.08 g of Fe, 96.79 g of Zn, 41.08 g of Cu, and 737.49 g of B, with nutrient utilization ratios of N:P:K:Ca:Mg=10:0.22:4.96:5.03:1.81 (major elements) and Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu:B=10:3.09:0.56:0.24:4.27 (trace elements).

Key words: Lycium barbarum, nutrient absorption, nutrient use characteristics, entropy weight TOPSIS method, Ningxia

窦家晅, 徐利岗, 苑蒙飞, 汤英. 不同供氮水平下宁夏枸杞养分吸收利用特征研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(4): 754-765.

DOU Jiaxuan, XU Ligang, YUAN Mengfei, TANG Ying. Nutrient absorption and utilization of Lycium barbarum under different nitrogen supply levels in Ningxia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(4): 754-765.

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处理	氮元素/（mg·L^-1）	A肥质量/mg	B肥质量/mg	水质量/kg
T1	150	1173.00	6.25	1.00
T2	210	1642.19	8.75	1.00
T3	270	2111.39	11.25	1.00
T4	350	2730.73	14.55	1.00

营养元素	生育期	T1	T2	T3	T4	生育阶段平均值
氮	春梢生长期	0.960d	1.326c	1.649b	2.376a	1.578
	始花期	0.945d	1.268c	1.551b	2.299a	1.516
	夏果期	0.876c	0.936bc	1.127b	1.846a	1.196
	秋果期	0.438b	0.386b	0.430ab	0.674a	0.482
	落叶期	0.446a	0.326a	0.379a	0.603a	0.439
	全生育期平均值	0.733	0.848	1.027	1.560	1.042
磷	春梢生长期	0.016c	0.023b	0.032a	0.033a	0.026
	始花期	0.018c	0.026c	0.033b	0.039a	0.029
	夏果期	0.020b	0.029b	0.034a	0.042a	0.031
	秋果期	0.013c	0.019c	0.023b	0.028a	0.021
	落叶期	0.011c	0.015c	0.024a	0.023b	0.018
	全生育期平均值	0.016	0.022	0.029	0.033	0.025
钾	春梢生长期	0.701b	0.840b	0.916b	1.357a	0.954
	始花期	0.660ab	0.619ab	0.525b	0.834a	0.660
	夏果期	0.627b	0.487b	0.605b	0.852a	0.643
	秋果期	0.566b	0.219a	0.461a	0.604a	0.463
	落叶期	0.484a	0.217b	0.167b	0.430a	0.325
	全生育期平均值	0.608	0.476	0.535	0.815	0.609

营养元素	生育期	T1	T2	T3	T4	生育阶段平均
钙	春梢生长期	0.416d	0.480c	0.564b	0.651a	0.528
	始花期	0.547d	0.605c	0.744b	0.898a	0.699
	夏果期	0.486c	0.751b	0.878ab	0.941a	0.764
	秋果期	0.322b	0.490a	0.561a	0.593a	0.492
	落叶期	0.241b	0.410a	0.474a	0.544a	0.417
镁	春梢生长期	0.204c	0.225bc	0.243ab	0.311a	0.246
	始花期	0.195b	0.242a	0.252a	0.247a	0.234
	夏果期	0.207b	0.227b	0.266a	0.317a	0.254
	秋果期	0.157c	0.173c	0.206b	0.231a	0.192
	落叶期	0.114c	0.132bc	0.148b	0.171a	0.141

营养元素	生育期	T1	T2	T3	T4	生育阶段平均
锰	春梢生长期	0.078b	0.397b	0.428b	3.197a	1.025
	始花期	0.088b	0.431b	0.461b	3.448a	1.107
	夏果期	0.089b	0.432b	0.463b	3.466a	1.113
	秋果期	0.064b	0.311b	0.331b	2.492a	0.800
	落叶期	0.052b	0.264b	0.273b	2.125a	0.679
铁	春梢生长期	5.856d	8.489b	7.667c	12.526a	8.635
	始花期	6.337d	9.180b	8.272c	13.496a	9.321
	夏果期	6.230d	8.997b	8.046c	12.749a	9.006
	秋果期	3.717b	5.540a	3.995b	5.843a	4.774
	落叶期	2.101b	3.242a	2.627ab	2.609ab	2.645
锌	春梢生长期	0.310b	0.362b	0.407b	0.640a	0.430
	始花期	0.326c	0.497b	0.401bc	0.622a	0.462
	夏果期	0.384b	0.552a	0.412b	0.644a	0.498
	秋果期	0.272b	0.369a	0.242b	0.434a	0.329
	落叶期	0.186ab	0.306a	0.125c	0.349a	0.242
铜	春梢生长期	0.120a	0.170b	0.141ab	0.243a	0.169
	始花期	0.134c	0.187b	0.141bc	0.248a	0.178
	夏果期	0.141b	0.186b	0.148b	0.260a	0.184
	秋果期	0.103c	0.137b	0.108bc	0.208a	0.139
	落叶期	0.081c	0.120b	0.107b	0.180a	0.122
硼	春梢生长期	3.080c	3.637b	3.596b	5.046a	3.840
	始花期	3.279c	3.866b	3.601bc	4.994a	3.935
	夏果期	3.283b	3.461b	3.304b	4.761a	3.702
	秋果期	2.487b	2.347b	2.189c	3.211a	2.559
	落叶期	2.025b	2.042b	1.955b	2.759a	2.195

处理	d⁺	d^-	C	排序结果
T1	0.224	0.09	0.286	4
T2	0.16	0.13	0.447	3
T3	0.127	0.163	0.562	2
T4	0.074	0.219	0.747	1