2013—2023年兰州山谷持续性冷池空气污染特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.03.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

持续性冷池（Persistent Cold Air Pools，PCAPs）在山谷城市长时间聚集空气污染物，严重影响居民生活与身体健康。本文使用2013年1月—2023年11月的探空数据和空气质量逐日数据，计算并统计分析了兰州山谷PCAPs发生特点，以及PCAPs强度对污染物浓度变化的影响，最后对比分析PCAPs事件期间存在沙尘气溶胶污染时各污染物浓度的变化情况。结果发现：2013—2023年期间一共发生59次PCAPs事件，共计持续197 d。PCAPs期间的山谷热亏缺与PM_2.5浓度比非PCAPs期间分别高4.4 J·m^-2和52.59 μg·m^-3。PCAPs期间空气质量指数（Air Quality Index，AQI）、SO₂浓度、NO₂浓度、CO浓度、PM₁₀浓度增长分别为70.37%、144.3%、84.3%、156%、73.15%，而O₃浓度下降60.89%。在PCAPs期间并且无沙尘气溶胶时，PM_2.5:PM₁₀的值平均在0.58，在PCAPs期间并且有沙尘气溶胶时，PM_2.5:PM₁₀的值平均在0.31。当存在沙尘气溶胶时PM_2.5浓度、PM₁₀浓度、AQI、O₃浓度增长分别为：18.33%、133.03%、84.44%、8.5%；而SO₂浓度和CO浓度则分别降低17.54%和17.88%。研究结果可为兰州地区大气污染防治及管理策略提供参考。

关键词: 持续性冷池, 沙尘气溶胶, 山谷城市, 山谷热亏缺, 空气污染

Abstract:

Persistent cold air pools (PCAPs) in valley cities lead to the prolonged accumulation of air pollutants, thereby affecting the lives and health of residents. In this study, sounding data and daily air quality data from January 2013 to November 2023 were used to calculate and statistically analyze the characteristics of PCAPs occurrences in the Lanzhou Valley. In addition, the impact of PCAPs intensity on changes in pollutant concentrations was explored, and variations in pollutant concentrations during PCAPs were analyzed and compared with concurrent dust aerosol pollution. Results indicate that from 2013 to 2023, 59 PCAPs occurred, lasting cumulative 197 days. During PCAPs, valley heat deficit and PM_2.5 concentrations were 4.4 J·m^-2 and 52.59 μg·m^-3 higher, respectively, compared with non-PCAPs. The air quality index (AQI), SO₂ concentration, NO₂ concentration, CO concentration, and PM₁₀ concentration increased by 70.37%, 144.3%, 84.3%, 156%, and 73.15%, respectively, whereas O₃ concentration decreased by 60.89% during PCAPs. In PCAPs without dust aerosols, the average PM_2.5:PM₁₀ ratio was 0.58, whereas in PCAPs with dust aerosols, the average ratio was 0.31. During PCAPs with concurrent dust aerosols, PM_2.5 concentration, PM₁₀ concentration, AQI, and O₃ concentration increased by 18.33%, 133.03%, 84.44%, and 8.5%, respectively. However, SO₂ and CO concentrations decreased by 17.54% and 17.88%, respectively. These findings can serve as a reference for atmospheric pollution prevention and management strategies in the Lanzhou region.

Key words: persistent cold air pools, dust aerosol, valley cities, valley heat deficit, air pollution

康国强, 马敏劲, 曹译丹, 陈然. 2013—2023年兰州山谷持续性冷池空气污染特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(3): 375-386.

KANG Guoqiang, MA Minjin, CAO Yidan, CHEN Ran. Characteristics and pollutant concentrations of persistent cold air pools in Lanzhou from 2013 to 2023[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(3): 375-386.

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	SO₂/（μg·m^-3）	NO₂/（μg·m^-3）	CO/（mg·m^-3）	O₃/（μg·m^-3）	PM_2.5/（μg·m^-3）	PM₁₀/（μg·m^-3）
秋季	42.38	89.89	2.41	23.17	129.19	291.15
冬季	49.64	83.92	2.75	22.37	102.6	178.43