塔里木盆地西部图木舒克—昆玉沙漠公路沿线风沙环境特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.01.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了摸清在建图木舒克—昆玉沙漠公路沿线的风沙环境特征，根据沙漠公路沿线风沙要素特征有针对性地进行风沙防护工程实践，采用现场踏勘、结合ERA5风速数据以及卫星影像数据，对图木舒克—昆玉沙漠公路沿线风沙活动规律进行分析。结果表明：公路沿线年平均风速在3.03~3.28 m·s^-1，年均起沙风速在5.85~6.10 m·s^-1，年起沙风频率在16.87%~21.41%。起沙风集中处在春、夏季，4—8月是一年中起沙风频率最高的月份，公路沿线以偏东风（NE，ENE，E，ESE）为主，麻扎塔格山以南偏西起沙风频高于以北。沿线年输沙势（DP）在99.77~145.30 VU，属低风能环境，中变率。麻扎塔格山南北两侧沙丘体积、密度差异明显，沿线沙丘移动速率在1.19~3.69 m·a^-1，为中等移动速度，沙丘移动速率与沙丘垂直投影面积大小存在明显的负相关关系，移动方向范围在171.76°~192.53°，与合成输沙方向（RDD）基本吻合。麻扎塔格山以北防沙体系的设计以东侧为主，以南则要东西兼顾。

关键词: 沙漠公路, 风况, 输沙势, 沙丘移动, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract:

To find out the characteristics of the wind-sand environment along the under-construction Tumushuk-Kunyu desert highway, the wind-sand protection engineering practice was carried out based on the attributes of wind-sand elements along the desert highway. The wind-sand activity law along the highway was analyzed and summarized by a field survey, ERA5 wind speed data, and satellite image information. The annual average wind speed along the highway was 3.03-3.28 m·s^-1, the average yearly sand wind speed was 5.85-6.10 m·s^-1, and the annual sand wind frequency was 16.87%-21.41%. The sand-driving wind was concentrated in the spring and summer. April-August was the period with the highest frequency of sand-driving wind in a year. The easterly wind (NE, ENE, E, and ESE) was the main wind along the highway. The frequency of sand-driving wind in the south and west of the Mazatag Mountains was higher than in the north. The annual sediment DP along the line was 99.77-145.30 VU, which belongs to a low wind energy environment and medium variability. The volume and density of the sand dunes on the northern and southern sides of Mazartag Mountain were significantly different. The moving rate of dunes along the line was 1.19-3.69 m·a^-1, which was a medium moving speed. There is a significant negative correlation between the moving rate and the vertical projection area of the dunes. The moving direction ranged from 171.76° to 192.53°, consistent with the RDD. The design of the sand control system in the north of Mt. Mazatagh was mainly based on the east, and the south should consider both the east and the west.

Key words: desert highway, wind conditions, drift potential, dune migration, Taklimakan Desert

魏晋铭, 程建军, 马奔腾. 塔里木盆地西部图木舒克—昆玉沙漠公路沿线风沙环境特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(1): 135-146.

WEI Jinming, CHENG Jianjun, MA Benteng. Characteristics of the wind-sand environment along the Tumshuk-Kunyu Desert Highway in the western Tarim Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(1): 135-146.

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研究区	影像日期/年-月-日	研究区	影像日期/年-月-日
1	2008-10-08	4	2013-03-20
1	2019-12-14	4	2016-04-23
2	2008-10-08	5	2013-01-21
2	2016-06-07	5	2016-04-23
3	2016-06-07	6	2012-09-22
3	2022-04-06	6	2019-12-26

	平均风速/（m·s^-1）	平均起沙风速/（m·s^-1）	最大风速/（m·s^-1）	起沙风主风向	起沙风频率
1号研究区	3.09	5.85	12.51	NE	18.35%
2号研究区	3.26	6.10	13.45	NE	20.00%
3号研究区	3.18	6.06	13.85	ENE	18.60%
4号研究区	3.28	5.98	18.71	ENE	21.41%
5号研究区	3.28	5.96	18.56	E	21.01%
6号研究区	3.03	5.91	12.72	E	16.87%

研究区	季节	DP/（VU）	RDP/（VU）	RDD/（°）	RDP：DP	研究区	季节	DP/（VU）	RDP/（VU）	RDD/（°）	RDP：DP
1	春	51.51	10.99	193.05	0.22	4	春	78.47	25.57	170.52	0.33
	夏	43.78	25.41	228.95	0.58		夏	48.56	27.75	205.89	0.51
	秋	14.59	6.10	202.81	0.42		秋	9.96	4.22	167.43	0.32
	冬	1.95	0.84	92.22	0.43		冬	4.09	1.03	189.31	0.25
2	春	72.01	27.32	195.15	0.34	5	春	76.25	23.49	168.00	0.31
	夏	50.51	34.50	224.82	0.60		夏	52.71	23.29	198.49	0.44
	秋	15.00	4.52	147.67	0.30		秋	13.32	4.35	143.44	0.33
	冬	3.25	1.58	235.48	0.48		冬	3.02	0.48	155.67	0.16
3	春	74.66	39.11	216.78	0.52	6	春	39.95	15.81	161.31	0.40
	夏	40.48	27.38	210.04	0.60		夏	39.41	19.18	164.40	0.44
	秋	24.64	3.30	212.82	0.20		秋	18.85	5.18	221.82	0.28
	冬	2.93	0.87	211.44	0.29		冬	1.56	0.60	224.61	0.39

研究区	沙丘垂直投影面积		移动方向			移动速率
研究区	范围/m²	均值/m²	范围/（°）	均值/（°）	方差	范围/（m·a^-1）	均值/（m·a^-1）	方差
1号研究区	5150~42252	20083	185.76~198.20	192.52	12.51	0.98~1.40	1.19	0.02
2号研究区	8820~27745	14268	169.41~199.23	185.44	38.39	1.14~1.90	1.45	0.04
3号研究区	4899~48972	13503	161.09~196.29	186.28	44.96	2.07~3.38	2.55	0.09
4号研究区	1809~8008	4229	156.31~192.37	177.80	95.29	2.42~3.33	2.83	0.07
5号研究区	1134~3420	2119	153.91~190.66	171.76	84.09	3.26~4.36	3.69	0.13
6号研究区	1194~4416	2317	159.20~191.48	175.43	63.21	1.36~2.13	1.74	0.05