银川平原湿地典型沉水植物群落物种多样性对底泥的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.11.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

了解沉水植物群落物种多样性对于底泥氮磷营养水平的响应，可以明确两者之间的作用关系，对于研究区域乃至类似地区湿地植被和环境的时空变化、生境修复、污染治理及规划管理等，都有直接的理论和实践意义。本研究以银川平原湖泊和沟渠水域湿地为研究区，进行野外沉水植物群落调查，获取底泥环境养分。采用群落学分类法筛选出三种典型沉水植物群落，对底泥进行了氮磷营养水平等级评价。采用结构方程模型分析典型沉水植物群落物种多样性及底泥氮磷营养水平等级各组分间的作用关系。得到以下结论：（1）银川平原湖泊和沟渠水域湿地常见沉水植物有8种。典型沉水植物群落为篦齿眼子菜（Potamogeton pectinatus）群落、穗状狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum）群落和菹草（Potamogeton crispus）群落。菹草群落物种组成多样性和物种贡献的复杂程度高，且物种分布均匀，篦齿眼子菜群落物种呈现集群化或斑块化分布。（2）银川平原湖泊和沟渠水域湿地底泥氮磷营养水平共存在三种等级（丰富、适量、贫乏），主要以适量和贫乏等级为主。（3）篦齿眼子菜群落和穗状狐尾藻群落主要生长分布在贫乏和适度的底泥营养水平上，菹草群落主要生长分布在贫乏、适度和丰富的底泥营养水平上。（4）底泥氮磷营养水平对三种典型沉水植物群落物种多样性具有显著正效应，能够促进群落多样性指数增高。三种典型沉水植物群落多样性主要受到物种均匀度的影响。底泥氮磷营养水平主要受到P元素的影响。

关键词: 沉水植物群落, 底泥营养水平, 结构方程模型, 响应

Abstract:

Understanding the species diversity of submerged plant communities in response to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition levels in sediments can clarify the relationship between the two. This relationship has direct theoretical and practical significance for studying the spatial and temporal changes of wetland vegetation and environment, and has implications for habitat restoration, pollution control, and planning management in the study area and similar areas. In this study, the wetland areas (lakes and ditches) of Yinchuan Plain were used as the research area to conduct a field survey of the submerged plant communities to obtain an understanding of the environmental sediment nutrients. Three typical submerged plant communities were screened out by the community classification method, and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient levels of the wetland sediment were evaluated. A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between the species diversity of typical submerged plant communities and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient components of the sediments. The results revealed that eight common submerged plants exist in the wetlands of Yinchuan Plain. The typical submerged plant communities were identified as a Potamogeton pectinatus community, a Myriophyllum spicatum community, and a Potamogeton crispus community. The species composition diversity and species contribution of the Potamogeton crispus community were high, and the species distribution was uniform. The species in the Potamogeton pectinatus community showed cluster or patchy distribution. Three levels (rich, moderate, and poor) of nitrogen and phosphorus fertility were identified in the sediment of the wetlands of Yinchuan Plain, and moderate and poor levels of fertility were most commonly found. The Potamogeton pectinatus and Myriophyllum spicatum communities were found to grow mainly in the poor- and moderate-level fertility sediment areas, while the Potamogeton crispus community was found to grow in all three levels of sediment nutrient content. The nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition level of the sediment had a significant positive effect on the three typical submerged plant communities, promoting an increase in the community diversity index. The characteristics of the three typical submerged plant communities were mainly affected by species evenness. The nitrogen and phosphorus fertility level of the sediment was mainly affected by the phosphorus level in the sediment.

Key words: submerged plant community, sediment nutrient level, structural equation model, response

赵明涛, 王超群, 梁美琪, 何彤慧. 银川平原湿地典型沉水植物群落物种多样性对底泥的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(11): 1815-1823.

ZHAO Mingtao, WANG Chaoqun, LIANG Meiqi, HE Tonghui. Response of species diversity of typical submerged plant communities to sediment in Yinchuan Plain wetlands[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1815-1823.

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养分指标	贫乏	适量	丰富
碱解氮/（mg·kg^-1）	<30	30~90	>90
有效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	<3	3~10	>10

序号	种名	拉丁学名	属名	科名
1	篦齿眼子菜	Potamogeton pectinatus	眼子菜属	眼子菜科
2	大茨藻	Najas marina	茨藻属	茨藻科
3	穗状狐尾藻	Myriophyllum spicatum	狐尾藻属	小二仙草科
4	金鱼藻	Ceratophyllum demersum	金鱼藻属	金鱼藻科
5	菹草	Potamogeton crispus	眼子菜属	眼子菜科
6	小茨藻	Najas minor	茨藻属	茨藻科
7	穿叶眼子菜	Potamogeton perfoliatus	眼子菜属	眼子菜科
8	狸藻	Utricularia vulgaris	狸藻属	狸藻科