兰州市空气污染物变化及污染持续性特征分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

持续性空气污染是对健康有重要危害的环境问题，利用2014—2021年逐日AQI以及PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、O₃（8 h）（臭氧8 h滑动平均）和CO的质量浓度，分析山谷城市兰州的空气污染年际变化特征、月季变化特征并重点分析兰州市空气污染持续性特征。结果发现冬季短时间轻度持续污染过程、长时间中度和重度持续污染过程次数最多，春季短时间中度和重度持续污染过程次数最多，夏季无中度和重度持续污染过程，秋季与冬季长时间轻度持续污染过程较多。持续性污染过程中起主要影响作用的污染物，因季节、长短持续时间和等级不同而不同，冬季轻度、中度持续污染过程和短时间重度持续污染过程，起主要影响的污染物为PM_2.5，长时间重度持续污染过程为PM_2.5和PM₁₀；春季持续污染过程中主要污染物为PM₁₀；夏季轻度持续污染过程中主要污染物为O₃（8 h）；秋季短时间轻度持续污染过程中主要污染物为PM₁₀，而长时间轻度持续污染过程分别为PM₁₀、PM_2.5和NO₂。

关键词: 持续污染过程, 空气质量, 污染物, 山谷城市, 兰州市

Abstract:

This study was initiated to explore the pollution status of Lanzhou City in recent years and provide a reference for its prevention and management. The daily air quality index and mass concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, O₃(8 h, the 8 h moving average of ozone), and CO from 2014 to 2021 were used to analyze the monthly, seasonal, and interannual variation characteristics of air pollution in the valley city of Lanzhou. The changes in air pollutants and the continuous characteristics of air pollution in Lanzhou were also analyzed. The results show that the number of short-term mild continuous and long-term moderate and severe continuous pollution processes peaked in winter, the number of short-term moderate and severe continuous pollution processes peaked in spring, no moderate and severe continuous pollution processes occurred in summer, and long-term mild continuous pollution processes occurred more often in fall and winter. Pollutants that play a major role in the process of continuous pollution differ because of different seasons, durations, and grades of continuous pollution. The main pollutant in the mild, moderate, and short-term severe continuous pollution processes in winter is PM_2.5, and the main pollutants in the long-term severe continuous pollution process are PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. The main pollutant in the continuous pollution process in spring is PM₁₀, the main pollutant in the mild continuous pollution process in summer is O₃ (8 h), the main pollutant in the short-term mild continuous pollution process in fall is PM₁₀, whereas the main pollutants in the long-term mild continuous pollution process are PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and NO₂.

Key words: continuous pollution process, air quality, pollutant, valley city, Lanzhou

赵侦竹, 马敏劲, 康国强, 曹译丹. 兰州市空气污染物变化及污染持续性特征分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(5): 715-725.

ZHAO Zhenzhu, MA Minjin, KANG Guoqiang, CAO Yidan. Analysis on variation characteristics of continuous air pollution in Lanzhou[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(5): 715-725.

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