雅鲁藏布江中下游宽谷风蚀区风沙运移

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.10

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1660-1670.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.10 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.202509010

雅鲁藏布江中下游宽谷风蚀区风沙运移

刘昊¹(), 宫航¹, 丁国栋¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

1.北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083
2.北京林业大学林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心，北京 100083
3.北京林业大学，水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室，北京 100083
4.宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站，宁夏盐池 751500

收稿日期:2025-03-11 修回日期:2025-05-20 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-16
通讯作者: 丁国栋. E-mail: dch1999@263.net
作者简介:刘昊（2001-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: lh99976@163.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0013)

Characteristics of wind-sand transport in wide valley wind erosion area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

LIU Hao¹(), GONG Hang¹, DING Guodong¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
3. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
4. Ningxia Yanchi Maowusu Ecosystem National Positioning Observation Research Station, Yanchi 751500, Ningxia, China

Received:2025-03-11 Revised:2025-05-20 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-09-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

雅鲁藏布江中下游宽谷风蚀区是青藏高原风沙活动最频繁的地区之一。深入研究流域宽谷区风沙季不同下垫面起沙规律，对防风固沙与生态环境可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究选取雅鲁藏布江流域中下游林芝段4种典型下垫面，基于梯度风速仪、多通道集沙仪同步观测，系统揭示不同下垫面风沙运移特征。结果表明：（1）受地表植被影响，近地层风速廓线符合对数函数但参数显著分异。（2）沉积物粒径呈空间分异特征，河漫滩流动沙地粉粒占比37.93%显著高于其他下垫面，而河岸流动沙地以细-中砂粒为主（占比83.49%）。（3）输沙过程具有显著下垫面依赖性，风沙流结构符合指数-幂函数复合模型。（4）风沙季单位面积输沙量排序为：河岸沙地（96.16 t·d^-1）>山麓沙地（77.65 t·d^-1）>河漫滩沙地（69.87 t·d^-1）>疏林地（5.23 t·d^-1）。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布江, 风速廓线, 风沙流结构, 输沙通量

Abstract:

The wide valley wind erosion area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River is one of the areas with the most frequent wind-sand activities in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the sand emission law of different underlying surface in this area during the wind-sand season for windbreak and sand fixation and sustainable development of the ecological environment. In this study, four typical underlying surfaces in the Linzhi section of the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin were identified. The characteristics of wind-sand transport on different underlying surfaces were systematically revealed through simultaneous observation of the gradient anemometer and multichannel sand sampler. The main findings are summarized as follows. (1) Affected by the surface vegetation, the near-surface wind speed profile conforms to the logarithmic function; however, the parameters are significantly different. (2) The sediment particle size is spatially differentiated. The proportion of silt in the mobile sand land of the river beach (37.93%) was significantly higher than that of the other underlying surfaces, whereas the riparian sand land was dominated by fine-medium sand (83.49%). (3) The sand transport process has significant underlying surface dependence, and the wind-sand flow structure conforms to the exponential-power function composite model. (4) The order of sand transport per unit area in the wind-sand season is riparian sandy land (96.16 t·d^-1)>foothill sandy land (77.65 t·d^-1)> beach sandy land (69.87 t·d^-1)>sparse forest land (5.23 t·d^-1).

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo River, wind speed profile, wind-sand flow structure, sediment discharge

刘昊, 宫航, 丁国栋. 雅鲁藏布江中下游宽谷风蚀区风沙运移[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(9): 1660-1670.

LIU Hao, GONG Hang, DING Guodong. Characteristics of wind-sand transport in wide valley wind erosion area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(9): 1660-1670.

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下垫面种类	下垫面特征	地表沉积物平均粒径/mm
河漫滩流动沙地	风沙活动频繁，植被盖度<5%，地形平坦，枯水期裸露	0.07
河岸流动沙地	沙丘广布，形成较为密集的新月形、横向、纵向等形态沙丘	0.18
山麓流动沙地	植被盖度<5%，由于风沙运动形成的爬升沙丘，边界与乔木林接壤	0.12
疏林半流动沙地	植被盖度5%~10%，沙丘基部形成旱柳乔木林，胸径10 cm，冠幅150 cm	0.13

下垫面	20 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	50 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	100 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	150 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	200 cm处风速 /（m·s^-1）	降幅/%	主风向及频率/%
河漫滩流动沙地	7.3	8.4	9.8	12.4	13.6	46.32	NNE、NE、ENE 41.93
	8.5	10.3	11.5	11.2	12.4	31.45
	5.6	7.3	7.8	9.8	10.5	46.67
	6.6	7.5	8.5	8.7	9.4	29.79
	5.6	7.3	7.1	7.0	8.5	34.12
	6.1	6.1	5.7	6.4	6.6	13.64
	4.5	4.7	4.7	5.4	5.4	16.67
河岸流动沙地	10.1	9.6	10.6	10.8	11.5	16.52	NE、ENE、N、 NNE 73.33
	8.9	9.6	9.9	10.3	10.6	16.03
	8.9	8.9	8.9	9.8	9.6	7.87
	4.3	5.2	7.1	8.5	8.5	49.41
	4.7	4.7	4.5	6.4	6.4	26.56
	4.9	4.9	3.8	5.6	5.6	14.29
山麓流动沙地	3.1	8.5	8.0	11.3	14.0	77.86	NNE、NE、ENE 54.84
	2.9	2.8	12.4	9.8	10.6	77.41
	5.0	5.0	7.7	8.0	8.7	42.52
	5.2	2.8	5.0	5.5	6.4	56.52
	3.5	4.7	5.6	6.0	5.6	41.67
疏林半流动沙地	1.5	2.8	4.2	5.7	6.8	77.94	S、SSE、E、ESE 90.33
	1.0	2.2	3.6	5.4	5.6	82.14
	1.5	2.6	3.5	3.5	4.5	66.67
	0.3	1.0	1.2	1.9	3.5	91.43

下垫面类型	风速/（m·s^-1）	拟合参数b	拟合参数a	R²
河漫滩流动沙地	4.5	1.00	0.71	0.90
	6.5	2.16	0.74	0.91
	8.5	-0.21	1.38	0.90
	10.5	-1.32	1.99	0.96
河岸流动沙地	4.5	2.34	0.43	0.91
	6.5	-1.26	1.40	0.95
	8.5	-1.14	1.73	0.95
	10.5	6.78	0.75	0.97
疏林半流动沙地	4.5	-2.08	1.19	0.95
疏林半流动沙地	6.5	-5.64	2.26	0.95
山麓流动沙地	4.5	-3.38	1.56	0.93
	6.5	-4.23	1.71	0.95
	8.5	-1.71	1.93	0.95
	10.5	0.51	1.48	0.91

下垫面类型	平均风速/（m·s^-1）	拟合参数c	拟合参数d	R²	拟合参数e	拟合参数f	R²
山麓流动沙地	6	25.32	0.71	0.85	24.37	0.24	0.87
山麓流动沙地	8	17.61	0.92	0.93	26.52	0.36	0.89
河岸流动沙地	6	17.62	0.81	0.93	20.01	0.23	0.92
河岸流动沙地	8	25.21	0.90	0.91	28.01	0.21	0.93
河漫滩流动沙地	6	23.31	0.54	0.93	25.32	0.31	0.90
河漫滩流动沙地	8	18.51	0.89	0.80	36.59	0.37	0.95
疏林半流动沙地	6	20.18	0.01	0.96
疏林半流动沙地	8	41.33	0.16	0.97

雅鲁藏布江中下游宽谷风蚀区风沙运移

Characteristics of wind-sand transport in wide valley wind erosion area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

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