回字形固沙体系固沙效应的风洞模拟试验

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.09

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1650-1659.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.09.09 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250909

回字形固沙体系固沙效应的风洞模拟试验

屈建军¹^,²(), 朱志昊¹^,²(), 申保收¹, 高永平³, 李宏⁴

1.西北大学城市与环境学院，陕西西安 710127
2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州），广东广州 511458
3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院，沙坡头沙漠研究试验站，甘肃兰州 730000
4.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院，沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2025-03-17 修回日期:2025-05-01 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-16
通讯作者: 朱志昊. E-mail: 1019731487@qq.com
作者简介:屈建军（1959-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事风沙防治工程研究. E-mail: qujianj@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS00130203)

Wind tunnel simulation test on sand-fixing effect of the nested-square sand-fixing system

QU Jianjun¹^,²(), ZHU Zhihao¹^,²(), SHEN Baoshou¹, GAO Yongping³, LI Hong⁴

1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi China
2. Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, China
3. Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
4. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Received:2025-03-17 Revised:2025-05-01 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-09-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究基于稳态草方格固沙尺寸（高长比为0.1~0.2），提出新型沙方格沙障技术，就地取沙构建高20 cm、长100 cm的沙方格沙障。该技术虽具有施工便捷、成本低廉优势，但单独使用易受风蚀破坏。为此通过在沙方格外围设置纤维网沙障或刷状草方格沙障，构建创新性回字形防护模式。为明晰沙方格沙障固沙机理，提升回字形固沙体系固沙效益，通过风洞模拟试验设置了单独沙方格沙障，以及纤维网沙障+沙方格沙障和刷状草方格沙障+沙方格沙障两种组合，测量输沙率和沙面蚀积状态。采用函数拟合输沙率随高度的变化关系，并分析纤维网沙障或刷状草方格沙障对沙方格沙障的防护效果。结果表明：（1）单独使用沙方格沙障能显著降低0~10 cm高度的输沙率，但10 cm以上高度输沙率略有增加。（2）前置柔性沙障（纤维网沙障或刷状草方格沙障）能有效削弱风沙流动能，进一步降低输沙率，其中刷状草方格沙障的阻沙效果优于纤维网沙障（84.6%>80.6%）。（3）随着风速增加，沙方格沙障内的蚀积现象逐渐明显，积沙高度增加。在10 m·s^-1风速下，前置柔性沙障能有效保护沙方格沙障，防止其高度降低；在更高风速下，刷状草方格沙障的防护效果优于纤维网沙障（沙方格高度分别降低2~8 cm与降低3~9 cm）。（4）沙方格沙障与前置柔性沙障的联合应用能显著提高沙方格沙障的固沙效果和使用寿命。刷状草方格沙障因其复杂的三维刷状结构、更优的防护性能和较低的综合成本，建议在实际应用中优先考虑。本研究为沙漠化防治中沙障的优化设计提供了新的模式，为就地取材、以沙治沙和回字形治沙体系提供了科学依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 回字形固沙体系, 沙方格沙障, 纤维网沙障, 刷状草方格沙障, 风洞模拟试验

Abstract:

This study proposes an innovative sand-checkerboard barrier system based on optimized, stead-state dimensions (height-to-length ratio=0.1-0.2), constructed using locally sourced sand to create barriers with a height and length of 20 cm and 100 cm, respectively. Although these sand checkerboards are efficient and cost-effective to construct, they are susceptible to aeolian erosion. To overcome this limitation, we developed a nested-square protection system that integrates sand checkerboards with peripheral barriers made of fiber netting or brush straw checkerboards. Through wind tunnel simulations, we systematically evaluated three configurations: standalone sand checkerboards, fiber-net+sand-checkerboard combinations, and brush-straw-checkerboard+sand-checkerboard composites. The quantitative analyses included sediment flux density profiles, surface erosion/deposition patterns, and functional modeling of height-dependent sand transport. The main findings of this study are summarized as follows. (1) Standalone sand checkerboards effectively reduce sediment flux density within 0-10 cm height but increase transport at higher levels. (2) Front flexible barriers significantly attenuate aeolian kinetic energy, with brush straw checkerboards outperforming fiber nets in transport reduction (84.6%>80.6%). (3) Front barriers effectively maintain barrier integrity at 10 m·s^-1, whereas brush straw checkerboard demonstrates superior protection under extreme winds than the fiber net counterpart (The height of sand-checkerboard decreased by 2-8 cm vs. 3-9 cm). (4) Synergistic interactions in the composite systems enhance overall sediment retention and extend service life compared to the standalone configurations. The superior performance of the brush straw checkerboard barriers is attributed to their three-dimensional structure, which creates turbulent microzones for enhanced energy dissipation and their lower comprehensive cost. Moreover, this study offers a scientifically grounded framework for optimizing the barrier design, promoting “local-material utilization” and “sand-combatting-sand” strategies in the desertification control. The proposed nested-square system offers a scalable solution that balances ecological sustainability with engineering effectiveness for arid land management.

Key words: nested-square sand-fixing system, sand-checkerboard barrier, fiber net barrier, brush straw checkerboard barrier, wind tunnel simulation test

屈建军, 朱志昊, 申保收, 高永平, 李宏. 回字形固沙体系固沙效应的风洞模拟试验[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(9): 1650-1659.

QU Jianjun, ZHU Zhihao, SHEN Baoshou, GAO Yongping, LI Hong. Wind tunnel simulation test on sand-fixing effect of the nested-square sand-fixing system[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(9): 1650-1659.

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沙障类型	风速/（m·s^-1）	a	b	c	R²	P
无沙障	10	0.002	2.156	2.512	0.990	<0.001
	14	0.064	14.941	2.979	0.992	<0.001
	18	0.077	26.582	5.085	0.991	<0.001
沙方格沙障	10	0.006	0.407	7.359	0.960	<0.001
	14	-0.065	2.059	16.503	0.983	<0.001
	18	-1.156	6.723	29.010	0.959	<0.001
纤维网沙障+沙方格沙障	10	0.002	0.078	5.762	0.924	<0.001
	14	0.007	0.758	9.357	0.957	<0.001
	18	-0.184	2.782	18.425	0.983	<0.001
刷状草方格沙障+沙方格沙障	10	0.000	0.056	9.291	0.952	<0.001
	14	-0.009	0.369	15.561	0.976	<0.001
	18	-0.168	1.921	22.872	0.983	<0.001

沙障类型	风速/（m·s^-1）			平均
沙障类型	10	14	18	平均
沙方格沙障	29.6%	31.7%	22.7%	28.0%
纤维网沙障+沙方格沙障	88.2%	82.7%	70.9%	80.6%
刷状草方格沙障+沙方格沙障	89.2%	88.1%	76.5%	84.6%

沙障类型	风速/（m·s^-1）
沙障类型	10	14	18
沙方格沙障	18~19 cm	15~16 cm	10~12 cm
纤维网沙障+沙方格沙障	20 cm	15~17 cm	11~15 cm
刷状草方格沙障+沙方格沙障	20 cm	15~18 cm	12~15 cm

回字形固沙体系固沙效应的风洞模拟试验

Wind tunnel simulation test on sand-fixing effect of the nested-square sand-fixing system

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