荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤优先流特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.01.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以荒漠-绿洲过渡带3种典型固沙植物泡泡刺、梭梭和沙拐枣作为研究对象，在入渗水量分别为10 L、15 L和20 L条件下（模拟小雨、中雨和大雨），采用野外染色示踪方法与计算机图像处理技术，分析染色图像垂直和水平剖面优先流分布规律和特征参数，选取特征参数作为评价指标，通过均方决策法探明典型固沙植物根区土壤优先流发育程度，为荒漠-绿洲过渡带固沙植被恢复及水资源有效利用提供参考依据。结果表明：（1）荒漠绿洲过渡带固沙植物根区存在土壤优先流现象，且主要类型为孔隙流，固沙植物种类不同，其根区优先流的垂直和水平分布特征也不同，但随着入渗水量的增加，优先流均发生侧向入渗。（2）在不同入渗水量条件下，3种固沙植物根区土壤染色面积比随土层深度的增加呈非线性减小趋势，梭梭和沙拐枣根区土壤染色面积比曲线变化呈“S”型，且水分呈非均匀下渗现象。（3）优先流评价指数P_FI由大到小为梭梭（0.685）、泡泡刺（0.543）、沙拐枣（0.502），梭梭根区土壤优先流发育程度最高。

关键词: 荒漠-绿洲过渡带, 固沙植物, 土壤优先流, 染色示踪实验

Abstract:

In this study, three typical sand-fixing plants in the desert-oasis transition zone were used as the research objects. To simulate water infiltration of 10 L, 15 L, and 20 L, respectively (simulating light rain, moderate rain, and heavy rain), the field staining tracer method and computer image processing technology were used. The distribution rules and characteristic parameters of the priority flow in the vertical and horizontal sections of the dyed images were analyzed, and the characteristic parameters were selected as evaluation indexes. The mean square decision method was used to determine the degree of development of the soil priority flow in the root zone of typical sand-fixation plants, which provided a reference for the restoration of sand-fixation vegetation and effective utilization of water resources in the desert-oasis transition zone. The results showed that (1) Soil preferential flow occurred in the root zone of sand-fixing plants in the desert-oasis transition zone, and the main types were funnel flow and finger flow. When infiltration water water was increased, the preferential flow occurred laterally. (2) Under the various conditions of water infiltration, the soil staining area ratio in the root zone of the three sand-fixing plants showed a nonlinear decrease with an increase in soil depth. The curve of the soil staining area ratio in the root zone of Haloxylon sacralis and Jujube sacralis showed an “S” shape, and the water infiltration was non-uniform. (3) The priority flow evaluation index P_FI was from large to small: Haloxell (0.685), Sphaerophora sphaerophora (0.543), and Hippophora hippophobia (0.502). The degree of priority flow development of the soil in the root zone was the highest.

Key words: desert-oasis transition zone, soil priority flow, sand-fixing plants, staining tracer test

杨鹏华, 胡广录, 李昊辰, 樊亚仑. 荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤优先流特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(1): 127-140.

YANG Penghua, HU Guanglu, LI Haochen, FAN Yalun. Characteristics of the soil priority flow in the root zone of typical sand-fixing plants in the desert-oasis transition zone[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(1): 127-140.

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植物种类	编号	造林时间	立地条件	土壤类型	株高/m	冠幅/m²
泡泡刺（天然）	PP1	-	丘间低地	风沙土	1.85±0.10	2.42±0.22
	PP2	-	丘间低地	风沙土	2.11±0.15	2.93±0.25
	PP3	-	丘间低地	风沙土	1.96±0.09	2.63±0.18
梭梭（人工）	SS1	1990—1992年	丘间低地	风沙土	2.74±0.17	2.74±0.17
	SS2	1990—1992年	丘间低地	风沙土	2.53±0.21	2.53±0.21
	SS3	1990—1992年	丘间低地	风沙土	2.87±0.13	2.87±0.13
沙拐枣（人工）	SG1	1990—1992年	丘间低地	风沙土	0.45±0.02	3.88±0.29
	SG2	1990—1992年	丘间低地	风沙土	0.51±0.01	4.16±0.22
	SG3	1990—1992年	丘间低地	风沙土	0.48±0.02	3.95±0.26

植物种类	水量/L	染色面积比/%	平均最大入渗深度/cm	基质流深/cm	优先流比/%	长度指数/%
泡泡刺（天然）	10	23.41±7.50Ba	13.73±0.80Aa	9.48±2.39Ba	22.83±6.14Aa	181.3±30.64Ca
	15	24.62±6.92Aa	16.09±2.68Aa	10.32±3.33Aa	22.43±3.29Aa	183.42±22.60Aa
	20	25.11±4.60Ba	18.19±4.15Aa	8.95±2.28Ca	31.41±5.68Aa	172.39±29.70 Ba
均值		24.38	16.00	9.57	25.56	179.04
梭梭（人工）	10	20.55±2.42Aa	15.99±0.46Ba	7.36±1.69Ba	30.62±9.23Ba	203.62±73.12Ca
	15	27.60±2.51Aa	20.16±3.74ABa	9.10±2.54Ba	32.71±10.97Aa	204.27±44.78Ba
	20	34.24±1.35Aa	23.70±0.28Aa	14.04±0.67Aa	22.83±1.14ABa	208.46±37.06Aa
均值		27.46	19.95	10.17	28.72	205.44
沙拐枣（人工）	10	21.61±0.34Ba	16.66±4.37Ba	9.68±0.31Aa	15.95±2.74Ba	174.59±24.03Aa
	15	28.51±1.58Aa	20.71±1.20ABa	12.23±0.82Aa	17.88±1.11ABa	192.74±7.90Aa
	20	31.16±3.90Aa	25.35±5.06Aa	11.13±2.60Aa	21.65±0.57Ba	190.32±15.25Aa
均值		27.09	20.91	11.01	18.49	185.88

植物种类	特征参数	入渗速率	染色面积比	平均最大入渗深度	基质流深	优先流比	长度指数
泡泡刺（天然）	入渗速率	1	0.907^**	0.811^**	-0.073	0.528	-0.129
	染色面积比		1	0.639	0.937^**	0.123	0.66
	平均最大入渗深度			1	0.568	0.137	0.872^**
	基质流深				1	-0.167	0.636
	优先流比					1	0.11
	长度指数						1
梭梭（人工）	入渗速率	1	0.942^**	0.869^**	0.812^**	-0.341	0.037
	染色面积比		1	0.886^**	0.889^**	-0.498	-0.172
	平均最大入渗深度			1	0.892^**	-0.57	0.809^**
	基质流深				1	-0.808^**	-0.158
	优先流比					1	0.193
	长度指数						1
沙拐枣（人工）	入渗速率	1	0.839^**	0.842^**	0.312	0.793^*	0.34
	染色面积比		1	0.828^**	0.604	0.616	0.522
	平均最大入渗深度			1	0.196	0.64	0.738^*
	基质流深				1	0.177	0.128
	优先流比					1	0.516
	长度指数						1

评价指标	均值	均方差	权重系数
染色面积比	0.750	0.216	0.116
平均最大入渗深度	0.539	0.273	0.146
基质流深	0.774	0.320	0.172
优先流比	0.324	0.380	0.204
长度指数	0.867	0.413	0.222
染色面积比变异系数	0.707	0.260	0.140