灌溉水矿化度对棉田土壤呼吸速率的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.03.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同灌溉水矿化度对棉田土壤呼吸速率的影响，设置了4个灌溉水矿化度，分别为0.85 g·L^-1（CK，当地灌溉水矿化度）、3 g·L^-1（S1）、5 g·L^-1（S2）和8 g·L^-1（S3），在新疆进行了膜下滴灌棉花大田试验。在棉花生育期，每月采集两次土壤呼吸速率值（R_s），并同时监测土壤温度（ST）、含水率（SWC）、电导率（EC）、硝态氮含量（$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$）、铵态氮含量（$\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$），运用通径分析研究了灌溉水矿化度下土壤参数对土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明：微咸水灌溉（S1和S2）在一定程度上提高了土壤含水率、电导率和铵态氮含量；咸水灌溉（S3）显著增加了土壤水分和盐分，并降低了土壤硝态氮含量；灌溉水矿化度的增加会减弱土壤呼吸速率。土壤的水分和温度与呼吸速率的相关性，随灌溉水矿化度的增加而呈减弱趋势。通过运用二次函数式来表示0~10 cm的土层温度对土壤呼吸速率的响应（R²=0.669，P<0.001），得出土壤呼吸速率最适宜的土壤温度为26.9 ℃。咸水灌溉下，含土壤温度、电导率、硝态氮含量的逐步回归方程可以解释土壤呼吸速率变化的85%。综上，利用3 g·L^-1的灌溉水进行膜下滴灌，能够在不显著增加土壤含盐量的基础上，降低土壤呼吸速率，减少农田碳排放量，可以为新疆微咸水资源的开发利用提供理论支撑。

关键词: 土壤参数, 土壤呼吸, 灌溉水矿化度, 逐步回归, 通径分析

Abstract:

Four irrigation water salinity levels, namely, 0.85 g·L^-¹ (CK, local irrigation water salinity), 3 g·L^-¹ (S1), 5g·L^-¹ (S2), and 8 g·L^-¹ (S3), were examined to explore the effects of different salinity levels on soil respiration rate in cotton fields. A cotton field experiment with drip irrigation under film was carried out in Xinjiang. During the growth period of cotton, soil respiration rate (R_s) was recorded twice a month, along with soil temperature (ST), water content, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate nitrogen content ($\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$) and ammonium nitrogen content ($\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$). The influence of soil parameters on soil respiration rate under different salinities of irrigation water was studied by path analysis. Results showed that brackish water irrigation (S1 and S2) increased soil moisture content, EC and ammonium nitrogen content to a certain extent. Salt water irrigation (S3) significantly increased soil moisture and salinity, and decreased soil nitrate nitrogen content. The increase in the salinity of irrigation water decreased the soil respiration rate. The correlation between soil moisture and temperature and respiration rate decreased with the increase in the salinity of irrigation water. The quadratic function was used to represent the response of ST in 0-10 cm soil layer to soil respiration rate (R²=0.669, P<0.001). The optimal ST for soil respiration rate was 26.9 ℃. Under saline irrigation, the stepped-regression equation containing ST, conductivity, and nitrate nitrogen content could explain 85% of the variation of soil respiration rate. In conclusion, the use of 3 g·L^-¹ irrigation water for drip irrigation under film can reduce soil respiration rate and farmland carbon emissions without significantly increasing soil salt content. This work provides theoretical support for the development and utilization of brackish water resources in Xinjiang.

Key words: soil parameters, soil respiration, salinity of irrigation water, stepwise regression, path analysis

李燕强, 王振华, 叶含春, 宋利兵, 刘健, 温越, 武小荻. 灌溉水矿化度对棉田土壤呼吸速率的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(3): 392-402.

LI Yanqiang, WANG Zhenhua, YE Hanchun, SONG Libing, LIU Jian, WEN Yue, WU Xiaodi. Effect of the salinity of irrigation water on soil respiration rate in cotton field[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 392-402.

图/表 9

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

表4

图3

表5

各土壤参数与土壤呼吸速率的回归关系"

处理	自变量	拟合方程	R²	P
CK	ST、EC	R_s=2.178ST+0.025EC-59.575	0.822	0.016
S1	ST	R_s=0.971ST-20.648	0.640	0.002
S2	ST	R_s=0.603ST-11.839	0.375	0.034
S3	ST、EC、 $N O 3 -$ -N	R_s=1.517ST+0.008EC+0.474 $N O 3 -$ -N-42.514	0.850	0.017

表5

表6

各土壤参数与土壤呼吸速率的通径分析"

处理	因子	相关系数	直接通径	间接通径
处理	因子	相关系数	直接通径	ST	SWC	EC	$N O 3 -$ -N	$N H 4 +$ -N	总间接
CK	ST	0.805^**	0.604	-	0.090	0.087	0.374	-0.350	0.201
	SWC	0.603^*	0.123	0.442	-	0.055	0.715	-0.730	0.482
	EC	-0.259	-0.126	-0.419	-0.053	-	0.326	0.013	-0.133
	$N O 3 -$ -N	-.603^*	-1.051	-0.215	-0.084	0.039	-	0.707	0.447
	$N H 4 +$ -N	0.444	-0.824	0.257	0.109	0.002	0.902	-	1.270
S1	ST	0.800^**	0.044	-	-0.322	0.667	0.369	0.043	0.757
	SWC	0.499	-0.514	0.028	-	0.146	0.769	0.069	1.012
	EC	-0.478	-0.939	-0.031	0.080	-	0.410	0.001	0.460
	$N O 3 -$ -N	-0.592^*	-1.182	-0.014	0.335	0.326	-	-0.057	0.590
	$N H 4 +$ -N	0.520	0.074	0.0250	-0.476	-0.015	0.913	-	0.447
S2	ST	0.612^*	2.305	-	-0.750	-0.800	0.282	-0.423	-1.691
	SWC	0.356	-1.032	1.676	-	-0.155	0.646	-0.781	1.386
	EC	-0.359	1.060	-1.740	0.151	-	0.293	-0.120	-1.416
	$N O 3 -$ -N	-0.478	-0.849	-0.765	0.785	-0.366	-	0.715	0.369
	$N H 4 +$ -N	0.226	-0.845	1.155	-0.954	0.151	0.718	-	1.070
S3	ST	0.689^*	1.542	-	-0.357	-0.346	0.200	-0.351	-0.854
	SWC	0.288	-0.456	1.206	-	-0.282	0.270	-0.450	0.744
	EC	-0.124	0.517	-1.032	0.249	-	0.154	-0.011	-0.640
	$N O 3 -$ -N	-0.415	-0.506	-0.611	0.243	-0.158	-	0.617	0.091
	$N H 4 +$ -N	0.301	-0.672	0.805	-0.306	0.008	0.465	-	0.972

表6

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处理	苗期	蕾期	花铃期	吐絮期
CK	6.97±0.63a	7.41±0.92a	3.09±0.12a	3.02±0.07a
S1	6.06±0.33ab	6.62±0.40ab	2.81±0.34ab	2.78±0.04a
S2	4.25±1.20bc	5.92±0.08b	2.67±0.29ab	2.36±0.24b
S3	3.75±0.84c	5.37±0.19b	2.40±0.23b	2.19±0.08b

生育期	处理	土壤温度/℃	土壤含水率/%	土壤电导率/（μS·cm^-1）
苗期	CK	27.54±0.16b	17.72±0.19c	268.57±4.34c
	S1	28.11±0.12a	18.59±0.23c	275.65±4.58bc
	S2	28.28±0.16a	19.70±0.14b	281.55±0.62b
	S3	28.40±0.18a	21.42±0.71a	303.06±2.87a
蕾期	CK	26.24±0.27a	14.18±0.14d	384.53±3.01c
	S1	26.34±0.92a	15.57±0.26c	408.75±7.86c
	S2	26.42±0.09a	17.51±0.14b	464.74±12.15b
	S3	26.96±0.62a	19.12±0.93a	730.58±40.14a
花铃期	CK	25.02±0.01a	10.75±0.52d	326.88±13.93c
	S1	25.02±0.02a	13.73±0.39c	342.10±18.93bc
	S2	24.88±0.11a	15.16±0.10b	376.39±5.33b
	S3	24.69±0.08b	17.57±0.24a	507.21±14.97a
吐絮期	CK	24.48±0.03a	14.27±0.31c	393.57±6.16d
	S1	24.41±0.07a	16.01±0.59b	592.88±2.86c
	S2	24.19±0.03b	17.71±0.39a	741.14±25.44b
	S3	24.12±0.07b	18.12±0.50a	928.10±23.00a

处理	因子	土壤呼吸速率	土壤温度	土壤水分	土壤电导率	土壤硝态氮	土壤铵态氮
CK	土壤呼吸速率	1	0.805^**	0.603^*	-0.259	-0.603^*	0.444
	土壤温度		1	0.731^**	-0.694^*	-0.356	0.425
	土壤水分			1	-0.433	-0.680^*	0.886^**
	土壤电导率				1	-0.31	-0.016
	土壤硝态氮					1	-0.858^**
	土壤铵态氮						1
S1	土壤呼吸速率	1	0.800^**	0.499	-0.478	-0.592^*	0.520
	土壤温度		1	0.626^*	-0.710^**	-0.312	0.577^*
	土壤水分			1	-0.156	-0.651^*	0.927^**
	土壤电导率				1	-0.347	0.016
	土壤硝态氮					1	-0.772^**
	土壤铵态氮						1
S2	土壤呼吸速率	1	0.612^*	0.356	-0.359	-0.478	0.226
	土壤温度		1	0.727^**	-0.755^**	-0.332	0.501
	土壤水分			1	-0.146	-0.761^**	0.924^**
	土壤电导率				1	-0.345	0.142
	土壤硝态氮					1	-0.846^**
	土壤铵态氮						1
S3	土壤呼吸速率	1	0.689^*	0.288	-0.124	-0.415	0.301
	土壤温度		1	0.782^**	-0.669^*	-0.396	0.522
	土壤水分			1	-0.545	-0.533	0.670^*
	土壤电导率				1	-0.305	0.016
	土壤硝态氮					1	-0.918^**
	土壤铵态氮						1