吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆形态示量特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.03.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）灌丛沙堆是吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带常见的自然景观。在不同背景植被盖度下，白刺灌丛生长与沙堆形态特征如何变化，仍然未知。通过对白刺灌丛和沙堆形态参数的测量，定量分析不同背景植被盖度下白刺灌丛和沙堆形态参数的差异性，以及白刺灌丛生长特征与白刺灌丛形态之间的关系。探讨背景植被盖度对白刺灌丛沙堆演化的影响。结果表明：（1） 4种背景植被盖度下白刺灌丛沙堆演化稳定，白刺灌丛沙堆各形态参数随着背景植被盖度增加逐渐向大规模、小密度方向发展。（2）从整体来看，不同背景植被盖度下白刺灌丛沙堆各形态参数之间存在良好的相关关系。（3）吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆长轴与短轴之间存在二次函数或幂函数关系；除样地1外，白刺沙堆高度和水平尺度之间存在幂函数关系。（4）吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛盖度主要集中于40%~80%，占灌丛沙堆总量的64.62%，说明研究区白刺灌丛生长状况良好。据此认为研究区白刺灌丛沙堆发育良好，暂时不会成为风沙危害绿洲的策源地。

关键词: 白刺灌丛沙堆, 背景植被盖度, 形态特征, 荒漠绿洲过渡带, 吉兰泰

Abstract:

Nitraria tangutorum nebkha is a common natural landscape in the desert-oasis ecotone of Jilantai; however, the growth characteristics of N. tangutorum shrubs and the morphological characteristics of N. tangutorum nebkhas under different background vegetation coverages remain unknown. Through the measurement of shrubs and morphological characteristics of N. tangutorum nebkhas, the variability of morphological parameters of N. tangutorum nebkhas and the relationship between the growth characteristics and morphology of N. tangutorum nebkhas were quantitatively analyzed under different background vegetation coverages. The influence of background vegetation coverage on the succession of N. tangutorum nebkhas was also discussed. Results showed that: (1) the evolution of N. tangutorum nebkhas was stable under four different background vegetation coverages. The morphological parameters of N. tangutorum nebkhas gradually developed toward large scale and small density with the increasing background vegetation coverage. (2) Overall, a good correlation was found between the morphological parameters of N. tangutorum nebkhas under different background vegetation coverages. (3) In the desert-oasis ecotone of Jilantai, the relationship between the L and W of N. tangutorum nebkhas followed a quadratic or power function, and the relationship between the A and V of N. tangutorum nebkhas followed a power function. Except for sample site 1, the relationship between A and H and between H and D followed linear trend and power function, respectively. (4) The coverage of N. tangutorum nebkhas was mainly 40%-80%, accounting for 64.62% of total N. tangutorum nebkhas in the desert-oasis ecotone of Jilantai. This finding indicated that the N. tangutorum nebkhas in the study area is well grown, widely developed, and temporarily not a source of wind and sand damage to the oasis.

Key words: Nitraria tangutorum nebkha, background vegetation coverage, morphological characteristics, desert-oasis ecotone, Jilantai

魏亚娟, 党晓宏, 汪季, 韩彦隆, 解云虎, 蔺博. 吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆形态示量特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(3): 403-411.

WEI Yajuan, DANG Xiaohong, WANG Ji, HAN Yanlong, XIE Yunhu, LIN Bo. Morphological characteristics of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in Jilantai desert-oasis ecotone[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 403-411.

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样地	背景植被盖度/%	植被株高/cm	冠幅		自然特征
样地	背景植被盖度/%	植被株高/cm	长度/cm	宽度/cm	自然特征
样地1	3.30	5.34±0.89	-	-	样地处于流动沙丘，沙源丰富，样地内主要分布大量白刺灌丛沙堆，沙堆形态不稳定，样地内伴有少量沙米。
样地2	10.33	295.33±3.06	583.47±273.14	433.78±137.64	样地处于半固定沙地内，沙源丰富，样地内主要分布大量白刺灌丛沙堆，伴有少量的梭梭、沙拐枣。
样地3	25.57	144.00±5.57	-	-	样地处于固定沙地内，沙源较为丰富，样地内主要分布大量白刺灌丛沙堆，还分布大量的芨芨草和芦苇。
样地4	51.49	259.00±13.23	435.67±9.45	424.00±1.73	样地位于防护林内，沙源较为丰富，样地内分布一定量白刺灌丛沙堆，沙堆稳定，样地内同时建植了大量花棒和少量沙拐枣。

样地	指标	L/m	W/m	L:W	D/m	H/m	A/m²	V/m³	S/m²	h/m
样地1 （n=38）	mean±SD	1.64±0.32d	1.05±0.29d	1.56±0.17a	1.46±0.52d	0.58±0.36b	1.46±0.51d	0.67±0.72b	0.65±0.33d	0.26±0.17b
样地1 （n=38）	C_V	0.32	0.29	0.17	0.35	0.36	0.51	0.72	0.66	0.65
样地2 （n=37）	mean±SD	3.31±0.41c	2.56±0.63c	1.36±0.24b	3.62±0.53c	0.60±0.20b	6.80±2.32c	3.02±1.77b	1.90±0.56c	0.41±0.15a
样地2 （n=37）	C_V	0.12	0.25	0.18	0.15	0.33	0.34	0.59	0.30	0.28
样地3 （n=32）	mean±SD	5.32±0.71b	4.15±0.60b	1.29±0.09b	6.17±1.94b	0.82±0.26b	17.78±4.82b	10.71±6.49b	4.32±0.82b	0.44±0.10a
样地3 （n=32）	C_V	0.13	0.15	0.07	0.31	0.32	0.27	0.61	0.67	0.23
样地4 （n=23）	mean±SD	6.56 ±1.45a	4.66 ±1.01a	1.22±1.01b	7.93±2.40a	1.72±0.78a	25.01±9.68a	33.62±23.01a	8.50±2.01a	0.28±0.10b
样地4 （n=23）	C_V	0.22	0.22	0.12	0.30	0.46	0.39	0.68	0.59	0.25

样地	不同白刺灌丛盖度所占比例/%					合计/%	占灌丛沙堆比例/%
样地	0%~20%	20%~40%	40%~60%	60%~80%	80%~100%	合计/%	占灌丛沙堆比例/%
样地1	13.16	57.89	13.16	15.79	0	850.90	22.39
样地2	5.41	29.73	62.16	2.70	0	1018.33	27.52
样地3	3.13	9.38	12.50	56.25	18.75	1924.15	60.13
样地4	30.43	60.87	8.70	0	0	1070.69	46.55