腾格里沙漠南缘3种优势植物种子出苗对土壤类型和沙埋的响应

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 1038-1044.

腾格里沙漠南缘3种优势植物种子出苗对土壤类型和沙埋的响应

樊宝丽¹, 马全林¹, 张德魁¹, 安婧荣^2·

1. 甘肃省荒漠化防治重点实验室甘肃省治沙研究所，甘肃兰州 730070
2. 古浪县林业局，甘肃古浪 733100

收稿日期:2010-10-12 修回日期:2010-11-06 出版日期:2011-11-15 发布日期:2012-01-16
通讯作者: 马全林.E-mail：mql925@126.com
作者简介:樊宝丽（1982-），女，甘肃白银人，研究实习员，硕士,主要从事植物生态学和恢复生态学方面的研究.E-mail: baoli207@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41061030）；“973”计划前期项目（2011CB411912）；省青年科技基金计划（1107RJYA011）

Response of Seedling Emergence of Three Dominant Plant Species to Soil Type and Sand Burial Depth in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Tengger Desert

FAN Bao-Li¹, MA Quan-Lin¹, ZHANG De-Kui¹, AN Jing-Rong²

1. Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Desertification Combating & Gansu Province Institute of Desert Control Research, Wuwei 733000, Gansu Province, China
2. Gulang County Forestry Bureau, Gulang 733100, Gansu Province, China

Received:2010-10-12 Revised:2010-11-06 Online:2011-11-15 Published:2012-01-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）、沙蒿（Artemisia sphaerocephala）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）分别是腾格里沙漠南缘不同植被演替阶段的3个优势物种，2009年5～6月在大田盆栽条件下，设计了2种土壤类型和 0 cm，1 cm，2 cm，3 cm，4 cm，6 cm，8 cm 共7个沙埋深度处理，研究土壤类型和沙埋对这3种植物种子出苗的影响。结果发现：在沙土条件下，沙米0 cm埋深出苗率最低、出苗速度最慢；1～2 cm的浅层埋深下，沙米、沙蒿和油蒿的幼苗出苗速度最快、出苗率也最高。出苗时间随着沙埋深度的增加而延长，出苗率随着沙埋深度的增加而降低。沙壤土条件下，3个物种的出苗率及出苗速度都较沙土条件中的同等埋深条件下有所降低，同时，沙米和油蒿的最佳埋深由 2 cm降低到 1 cm，表明沙土比沙壤土更利于植物的出苗。沙土条件下，沙米在 0～6 cm 各个埋深处理下都有较高的出苗率，生态适应性较沙蒿和油蒿更广，所以能够成为流动沙丘的优势物种；沙壤土条件下，沙米在各个埋深处理下开始出苗所需时间均最长，同时，沙米的幼苗死亡率也很高，但沙蒿和油蒿的幼苗死亡率很低，因此逐渐取代了沙米，成为固定、半固定沙丘上的主要物种。

关键词: 土壤类型, 沙埋深度, 植物种子, 出苗率, 死亡率, 腾格里沙漠

Abstract: Agriophyllum squarrosum, Artemisia sphaerocephala and Artemisia ordosica are the dominant plant species at different stages of vegetation succession in the southern Tengger Desert. A fieldpot experiment was conducted at Wuwei Station for Desert Control Research in summer 2009. Response of the seedling emergence rates of the 3 species to two soil types (sand and sandy loam) and seven sand burial depths (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 cm and 8 cm) was measured. Seedling emergence rate of A. squarrosum seeds buried at 0 cm in sand was the lowest, that of the 3 species seeds buried at 1 and 2 cm in sand was the highest, and that of the 3 species seeds buried in sandy loam was lower than that in sand. The optimal burial depth for seedling emergence of A. squarrosum and A. ordosica was decreased from 2 cm in sand to 1 cm in sandy loam. In sand, A. squarrosum seeds at all sand burial depths emerged, the seedling emergence rate was high, and the seedling mortality rate was low; thus, A. squarrosum could be the dominant species for sand dunes. In sandy loam, however, the emergence speed of A. squarrosum seeds at sand burial depths of 0-4 cm was slow, and the seedling mortality rate was higher than that of other two species. Thus, A. sphaerocephala and A. squarrosum replaced A. squarrosum on fixed and semifixed dunes at the seeding stage.

Key words: soil type, sand burial depth, seed, seedling emergence rate, mortality rate, Tengger Desert

中图分类号:

樊宝丽, 马全林, 张德魁, 安婧荣. 腾格里沙漠南缘3种优势植物种子出苗对土壤类型和沙埋的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(6): 1038-1044.

FAN Bao-Li, MA Quan-Lin, ZHANG De-Kui, AN Jing-Rong. Response of Seedling Emergence of Three Dominant Plant Species to Soil Type and Sand Burial Depth in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Tengger Desert[J]. , 2011, 28(6): 1038-1044.

参考文献

Zhang J H,Maun M A.Sand burial effects on seed germination,seedling emergence and establishment of Panicum virgatum.Holarctic Ecology,1990，13:56-61.

Ren J,Tao L,Liu X M.Effect of sand burial depth on seed germination and seedling emergence of Calligonum L.species.Journal of Arid Environments,2002，51:603-611.

刘有军,马全林,张德魁,等.腾格里沙漠南缘3种一年生植物出苗率对沙埋和GA3的响应.干旱区研究,2010,27(5):699-704.

Chen H,Maun M A.Effects of sand burial depth on seed germination and seedling emergence of Cirsium pitcheri.Plant Ecology,1999,140:53-60.

Meidan E.The effects of soil water potential on seed germination of four winter annuals in the Negev Desert highlands,Israel.Journal of Arid Environments,1990,19:77-83.

李荣平,蒋德明,刘志民,等.沙埋对六种沙生植物种子萌发和幼苗出土的影响.应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1 865-1 868.

朱雅娟,董鸣,黄振英.沙埋和种子大小对固沙禾草沙鞭的种子萌发与幼苗出土的影响.植物生态学报,2005,29(5):730-739.

Li Q Y,Zhao W Z,Fang H Y.Effects of sand burial depth and seed mass on seedling emergence and growth of Nitraria sphaerocarpa.Plant Ecology,2006,185:191-198.

Zhao W Z,Li Q Y,Fang H Y,Effects of sand burial disturbance on seedling growth of Nitraria sphaerocarpa.Plant Soil,2007,295:95-102.

李秋艳,赵文智.五种荒漠植物幼苗出土及生长对沙埋深度的响应.生态学报,2006,26(6):1 802-1 808.

Seiwa K,Watanabe A,Saitoh T,et al.Effects of burying depth and seed size on seedling establishment of Japanese chestnuts,Castanea crenata.Forest Ecology and Management,2002(164):149-156.

赵丽娅,赵哈林.我国沙漠化过程中的植被演替研究概述.中国沙漠,2000,20(6):7-14.

李银科,刘世增,贺访印,等.土壤类型对沙葱幼苗出土和生长的影响.中国农业科技导报,2009,11(1):108-112.

潘伟,刘强.气候和土壤通透性对沙冬青幼苗生长的影响.天津师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,27(3):33-36.

王继和,马全林,刘虎俊,等.干旱区沙漠化土地逆转植被的防风固沙效益研究.中国沙漠,2004,26(2):729-733.

常学礼,崔步礼,陈雅琳,等.流动沙丘土壤紧实度对沙米生长状况的影响.自然资源学报,2006,21(2):238-244.

刘永和,黄仲达,杜庆堂,等.陕西榆林地区沙蒿资源情况调查.中草药,1999,30(8):623-625.

张强.油蒿群落更新的研究.生态学杂志,1983,2(2):14-19.

周瑞莲,赵哈林,王海鸥.科尔沁沙地植物演替的生理机制.干旱区研究,2001,18(3):13-19.

李胜功,常学礼,赵学勇.沙蓬-流动沙丘先锋植物的研究.干旱区资源与环境,1992,6(4):63-70.

聂春雷,郑元润.鄂尔多斯高原4种主要沙生植物种子萌发与出苗对水分和沙埋的响应.植物生态学报,2005,29(1):32-41.

聂华丽,吴楠,梁少民,等.不同沙埋深度对刺叶墙藓植株碎片生长的影响.干旱区研究,2006,23(1):66-70.

Wang Z L,Wang G,Liu X M.Germination strategy of the temperate sandy desert annual chenopod Agriophyllum squarrosum.Journal of Arid Environments,1998,40:69-76.

Meidan E.The effects of soil water potential on seed germination of four winter annuals in the Negev Desert highlands,Israel.Journal of Arid Environments,1990,19:77-83.

Maun M A.Adaptations enhancing survival and establishment of seedlings on coastal dune systems.Plant Ecology,1994,111:59-70.

Benvenuti S,Macchia M,Miele S.Light,temperature and burial depth effects on Rumex obtussifolius seed germination and emergence.Weed Research,2001,41:177-186.

Maun M A.Adaptations of plants to burial in coastal sand dunes.Canadian Journal of Botany,1998,76:713-738.

苏延桂,李新荣,贾荣亮,等.沙埋对六种沙生植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.中国沙漠,2007,27(6):968-971.

Levins R.Lectures on mathematics in the life sciences.Extinctions,1970,2:77-107.

Kadmon R,Shmida A.Spatiotemporal demographic processes in plant population:An approach and a case study.The American Naturalist,1990,135(3):382-397.

赵哈林,苏永中,周瑞莲.我国北方沙区退化植被的恢复机理.中国沙漠,2006,26(3):323-328.

[1]	杨霜奇, 宋乃平, 王兴, 陈晓莹, 常道琴. 荒漠草原灰钙土与风沙土水分时空特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(10): 1625-1636.
[2]	杨建军,王和平,王明力,关添泽. 准噶尔东部地区3种土壤类型¹³⁷Cs与土壤颗粒的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 477-484.
[3]	祁京,焦亮,陈可,柒常亮,薛儒鸿. 腾格里沙漠南缘昌岭山1872年以来干湿变化研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(5): 1318-1326.
[4]	史常明,柳洋,张富荣,赵云飞,肖锦锦,汪霞. 焉耆盆地绿洲农田不同类型土壤有机碳空间分布特征及储量估算[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 672-681.
[5]	付东磊，刘梦云,刘林，张琨，左进香. 黄土高原不同土壤类型有机碳密度与储量特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2014, 31(1): 44-50.
[6]	刘晓星, 吕光辉, 杨晓东, 张海峰. 艾比湖流域5种土壤类型的酶活性和理化性质[J]. 干旱区研究, 2012, 29(4): 579-585.
[7]	马吉宏, 吕昭智, 高桂珍, 夏德萍. 波动性高温模式对夏季棉蚜繁盛期种群崩溃的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2012, 29(2): 369-374.
[8]	刘羽, 王秀红, 张雪芹, 张百平. 巴丹吉林-腾格里沙漠间沙丘活化带发展过程及其驱动力分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(6): 957-966.
[9]	李惠, 李彦, 范连连. 两种梭梭出苗对生境土壤基质互换与沙埋深度的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(5): 780-788.