乌兰布和沙漠草方格-灌木林对土壤水分物理性质的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.06

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 737-746.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.06

乌兰布和沙漠草方格-灌木林对土壤水分物理性质的影响

高君亮^1,^2,^3,⁴(),罗凤敏^1,^2,^3,⁴(),刘泓鑫⁵,乔靖然^1,³,于猛^1,³,许亚欣^1,³

1.中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心，内蒙古磴口 015200
2.乌兰布和沙漠综合治理国家长期科研基地，内蒙古磴口 015200
3.国家林业草原防沙治沙工程技术研究中心，内蒙古磴口 015200
4.内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站，内蒙古磴口 015200
5.伊金霍洛旗水利技术服务中心，内蒙古伊金霍洛 017200

收稿日期:2023-03-09 修回日期:2023-05-03 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-05-30
通讯作者: 罗凤敏. E-mail: lfm359541965@126.com
作者简介:高君亮（1985-），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: gaojl@caf.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFF1303202);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0125);巴彦淖尔市科技计划项目(K202125)

Effects of typical ecological projects of desertification combating on soil physical properties in Ulan Buh Desert

GAO Junliang^1,^2,^3,⁴(),LUO Fengmin^1,^2,^3,⁴(),LIU Hongxin⁵,QIAO Jingran^1,³,YU Meng^1,³,XU Yaxin^1,³

1. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dengkou 015200, Inner Mongolia, China
3. Combat Desertification Engineering Technology Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, Inner Mongolia, China
4. Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Dengkou 015200, Inner Mongolia, China
5. Ejin Horo Banner Technology Service Center of Water Conservancy, Ejin Horo 017200, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2023-03-09 Revised:2023-05-03 Online:2023-05-15 Published:2023-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨乌兰布和沙漠典型防沙治沙生态工程实施后对土壤水分物理性质及持水性能的影响，以流沙地为对照、选择草方格沙障+两种乡土树种（梭梭、花棒）为主的防沙治沙工程为研究对象，采用野外取样与室内分析相结合的方法，对各样地0~100 cm深度内不同土层的土壤粒度组成、水分含量、容重、孔隙度、持水性能等进行了分析。结果表明：营建以草方格沙障+乡土树种为主的防沙治沙生态工程对沙地土壤水分物理性质及持水性能均有一定的改良作用。（1）表层土壤粒度组成整体出现细化趋势，土壤容重减小，土壤孔隙度增大，土壤持水量和贮水量增大，土壤持水性能明显提升。（2）乌兰布和沙漠典型防沙治沙生态工程实施后，土壤成土作用较明显、持水性能明显提升，沙化土地治理效果良好。研究结果可为区域防沙治沙的成效评估提供基础数据，同时也可为区域防沙治沙生态工程的类型选择提供科学依据和参考。

关键词: 土壤物理性质, 固沙林, 防沙治沙工程, 乌兰布和沙漠

Abstract:

To probe into the effects of typical ecological projects on improving soil moisture and other physical properties like water retention in Ulan Buh Desert, the desertification combating projects included straw checkerboard barrier and two native tree species (Haloxylon ammodendron and Hedysarum scoparium), and the shifting sandy land as the research object. The soil mechanical composition, moisture content, bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, and water storage capacity of different soil layers at a depth of 0-100 cm were analyzed based on field sampling and lab analysis methods. The results showed that the ecological projects have a certain effect on the improvement of soil water physical properties and water retention of the aeolian sandy soil. (1) Compared to the control, the implementation of ecological projects promoted the apparent refinement of the grain size composition of the surface soil, showing decreased bulk density, increased soil porosity, and significantly increased soil water holding capacity and water storage capacity. (2) After the implementation of the typical ecological projects, the soil water retention was significantly improved, and the desertification land management effect was good. The results can provide basic data for the effective evaluation of regional desertification combating, and provide a scientific basis and theoretical reference for the type of selection of regional desertification combating ecological projects.

Key words: soil physical properties, sand fixation plantation, ecological project of desertification combating, Ulan Buh Desert

高君亮, 罗凤敏, 刘泓鑫, 乔靖然, 于猛, 许亚欣. 乌兰布和沙漠草方格-灌木林对土壤水分物理性质的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(5): 737-746.

GAO Junliang, LUO Fengmin, LIU Hongxin, QIAO Jingran, YU Meng, XU Yaxin. Effects of typical ecological projects of desertification combating on soil physical properties in Ulan Buh Desert[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(5): 737-746.

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样地编号	样地名称	样地概况
1	草方格沙障+花棒	2013年春季，在流沙地上铺设草方格沙障，规格1 m×1 m，沙障铺设后在障格内种植花棒，种植规格2 m×2 m，每坑种植2~4株。目前保存率63%，10 m×10 m的样方保存数量平均为16株，平均株高2.25 m，冠幅253 cm×314 cm，单丛分枝数平均8枝，平均地径4.5 cm，冠幅下地表覆盖1.5 cm厚度的花棒同化枝枯枝，几乎无风蚀。林下草本植物以沙蓬、猪毛菜、雾冰藜、虫实为主
2	草方格沙障+梭梭	2013年春季，在流沙地上铺设草方格沙障，规格1 m×1 m，沙障铺设后在障格内种植梭梭，种植规格2 m×2 m，每坑种植2~4株。目前保存率70%，10 m×10 m的样方保存数量平均为18株，平均株高2.15 m，冠幅205 cm×298 cm，单丛分枝数平均5枝，平均地径5.6 cm，梭梭枝干周围有物理结皮。林下草本植物以沙蓬、猪毛菜、雾冰藜、虫实、沙鞭等为主
3	流沙地	未治理，地表植被很少，仅有零星的沙蓬和虫实，1 m×1 m的样方内沙蓬和虫实数量为9株

土层深度/cm	总孔隙度/%			毛管孔隙度/%			非毛管孔隙度/%
土层深度/cm	花棒林	梭梭林	流沙地	花棒林	梭梭林	流沙地	花棒林	梭梭林	流沙地
0~10	39.23±0.67 Aa	36.79±0.46 Bb	37.51±0.14 Ba	31.18±2.29 Aa	27.02±2.59 Bc	29.45±4.26 Ba	8.04±1.90 Ba	9.77±2.99 Aab	8.06±2.46 Ba
10~20	39.62±0.88 Aa	38.41±1.86 Aab	37.89±0.21 Aa	29.62±5.36 Aa	29.65±1.12 Ab	28.88±2.25 Aa	10.00±5.97 Aa	8.76±2.16 Bb	9.01±2.22 ABa
20~40	39.86±0.74 Aa	40.08±0.42 Aa	37.42±0.16 Ba	30.33±5.86 Aa	28.36±2.29 Bb	28.21±1.47 Ba	9.53±6.54 Ba	11.72±2.62 Aa	9.21±1.57 Ba
40~60	39.61±1.79 Aa	40.88±1.00 Aa	37.69±0.44 Ba	31.19±4.43 ABa	33.51±1.44 Aa	28.99±2.30 Ba	8.42±5.26 Aa	7.37±2.09 Ab	8.70±1.89 Aa
60~80	39.88±1.23 Aa	40.10±0.65 Aa	37.65±0.68 Ba	30.75±2.08 Aa	28.20±5.93 Bb	28.84±2.14 Ba	9.12±1.02 Ba	11.90±5.44 Aa	8.81±2.16 Ba
80~100	39.78±1.10 Aa	37.96±1.13 Bb	37.47±0.51 Ba	30.01±2.88 Aa	29.34±5.95 Ab	28.45±3.00 Aa	9.77±1.55 Aa	8.62±4.82 Ab	9.02±1.48 Aa
0~100	39.66±0.22	39.04±1.43	37.61±0.16	30.51±0.58	29.35±2.05	28.80±0.40	9.15±0.71	9.69±1.65	8.83±0.37

土层深度/ cm	饱和持水量/%			毛管持水量/%			田间持水量/%
土层深度/ cm	花棒林	梭梭林	流沙地	花棒林	梭梭林	流沙地	花棒林	梭梭林	流沙地
0~10	25.81±0.84 Aa	23.10±0.54 Ab	24.05±0.14 Aa	22.46±0.83 Aa	16.96±1.56 Bc	19.55±0.34 ABa	21.02±1.20 Aa	15.96±1.35 Ba	14.40±0.56 Ba
10~20	25.73±0.68 Aa	25.06±1.96 Aab	24.48±0.35 Aa	19.24±3.56 Ab	19.32±0.93 Ab	19.15±1.01 Aa	18.07±3.07 Ab	18.01±0.65 Ab	14.74±1.23 Ba
20~40	26.43±0.59 Aa	26.99±0.19 Aa	23.94±0.15 Ba	20.10±3.78 Aab	19.10±1.61 Ab	18.68±0.33 Aa	18.25±2.70 Ab	17.88±1.11 Ab	15.45±0.82 Ba
40~60	27.21±1.25 Aa	27.73±0.88 Aa	24.25±0.44 Ba	21.39±2.77 Aa	22.73±1.17 Aa	19.22±0.81 Ba	20.09±2.47 Aab	20.21±0.41 Aa	15.83±1.20 Ba
60~80	26.45±1.13 Aa	27.18±0.84 Aa	24.21±0.38 Ba	20.41±1.59 Aab	16.40±4.07 Bc	19.12±0.54 Aa	19.69±1.64 Aab	15.42±3.82 Ba	15.75±0.47 Ba
80~100	27.22±0.55 Aa	25.37±1.15 ABab	24.00±0.22 Ba	20.54±1.21 Aab	19.64±4.26 Ab	18.85±0.10 Aa	18.99±2.12 Aab	17.79±3.84 Ab	15.59±0.28 Ba
0~100	26.48±0.59	25.91±1.58	24.16±0.18	20.69±1.01	19.03±2.06	19.10±0.28	19.35±1.04	17.55±1.56	15.29±0.53

土层深度/cm	饱和贮水量/（t·hm^-2）			吸持贮水量/（t·hm^-2）			滞留贮水量/（t·hm^-2）
土层深度/cm	花棒林	梭梭林	流沙地	花棒林	梭梭林	流沙地	花棒林	梭梭林	流沙地
0~10	39.23±0.67 Aa	36.79±0.46 Bb	37.51±0.14 Ba	31.18±2.29 Aa	27.02±2.59 Bb	29.45±4.26 ABa	8.04±1.90 Ba	9.77±2.99 Aab	8.06±2.46 Ba
10~20	39.62±0.88 Aa	38.41±1.86 Ab	37.89±0.21 Aa	29.62±5.36 Aa	29.65±1.12 Ab	28.88±2.25 Aa	10.00±5.97 Aa	8.76±2.16 Bb	9.01±2.22 ABa
20~40	39.86±0.74 Aa	40.08±0.42 Aa	37.42±0.16 Ba	30.33±5.86 Aa	28.36±2.29 Ab	28.21±1.47 Aa	9.53±6.54 Ba	11.72±2.62 Aa	9.21±1.57 Ba
40~60	39.61±1.79 Aa	40.88±1.00 Aa	37.99±0.44 Ba	31.19±4.43 ABa	33.51±1.44 Aa	28.99±2.30 Ba	8.42±5.26 Aa	7.37±2.09 Ab	8.70±1.89 Aa
60~80	39.88±1.23 Aa	40.10±0.65 Aa	37.65±0.68 Ba	30.75±2.08 Aa	28.20±5.93 Ab	28.84±2.14 Aa	9.12±1.02 ABa	11.90±5.44 Aa	8.81±2.16 Ba
80~100	39.78±1.10 Aa	37.96±1.13 Ab	37.47±0.51 Aa	30.01±2.88 Aa	29.34±5.95 Ab	28.45±3.00 Aa	9.77±1.55 Aa	8.62±4.82 Ab	9.02±1.48 Aa
0~100	237.98	234.22	225.93	183.08	176.08	172.82	54.88	58.14	52.81

乌兰布和沙漠草方格-灌木林对土壤水分物理性质的影响

Effects of typical ecological projects of desertification combating on soil physical properties in Ulan Buh Desert

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