干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 809-818.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2020.04.01

• •    下一篇

“一带一路”沿线国家水资源及开发利用

刘振伟1，2 ， 陈少辉1   

  1. （1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室，北京 100101； 2. 中国科学院大学，资源与环境学院，北京 101408）
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-16 修回日期:2019-09-16 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-10-18
  • 作者简介:刘振伟（1993－），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为陆地表面过程和空间分析. E-mail：liuzw.18s@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家对地观测科学数据中心开放基金项目（NODAOP2020003）；国家自然科学基金项目（41671368，41371348）；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（2019QZKK1003）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA20010301）资助

Analysis of water resources and their utilization in countries targeted by the “Belt and Road”initiative

LIU Zhen-wei1，2， CHEN Shao-hui1   

  1. （1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China）
  • Received:2019-09-16 Revised:2019-09-16 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-10-18

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摘要： 利用世界粮农组织和世界银行统计的人均水资源、跨境水资源以及水资源利用等数据，借助ArcGIS制图与图表分析法，对近年来“一带一路”沿线国家水资源及开发利用状况进行分析，结果表明：人均可更新水资源量最高的地区为东南亚，最低的地区为西亚北非，具有明显的地域差异性；人均可更新水资源量缩减最为突出的为西亚地区，而中东欧及部分国家略有增长趋势。水资源开发利用以东南亚和西亚地区对比最为明显，西亚水资源利用率最高，东南亚最低。多数国家存在跨境水，中东欧地区跨境水比例较高，部分国家可更新水资源中入境水成分为零。亚洲地区农业用水比例普遍较高，而中东欧地区工业用水和城市生活用水比例较大。

关键词: “一带一路”沿线, 水资源, 数据统计, 开发利用

Abstract: Using ArcGIS mapping and a chart analysis method to analyze data on per capita water resources, cross-border water resources, and water resource utilization from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Bank, the development and utilization status of water resources in countries targeted by the Belt and Road initiative in recent years were investigated. The results show that the area with the highest amount of water resources per capita is Southeast Asia, while the areas with the lowest are West Asia and North Africa, with obvious regional differences. In most countries, the amount of water resources per capita is shrinking, most prominently in West Asia; meanwhile, in Central and Eastern Europe, there is a slight growth trend. The development and utilization of water resources is clearest in Southeast Asia and West Asia. The rate of utilization of water resources is highest in West Asia and lowest in Southeast Asia. Cross-border water exists in most countries, although the proportion of cross-border water in Central and Eastern Europe is higher than that elsewhere. In some countries, the amount of imported water resources is zero. The proportion of water used for agriculture is generally higher in Asia, while the proportion of water used in industrial and urban domestic settings is greater in Central and Eastern Europe.

Key words: the“Belt and Road”initiative, water resources, data statistics, exploitation